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In poems, the accent is a stylistic resource associated with the rhythm that marks the regularity of the supports of time and that takes place at the end of a verse. The prosodic accent is a relief of the voice when speaking, by means of which a syllable within a word is emphasized. This element is one of the factors on which rhythm is based in poetry, both in Spanish and in other languages in which the prosodic accent is significant. Grammatically we already know the rules or norms of the accentuation of words, but it is good to remember them, we must distinguish that accent is related to the pronunciation given to a syllable, distinguishing it from the accent mark because it is the oblique line that in Spanish spelling is used to indicate, in certain cases, that this syllable is the one that carries the accent, and also to distinguish a word or form, from another written letter.
In this sense, there are four types of words that require accentuation. Among them we find acute words, which are those that carry an accent (the intensity of the voice) on the last syllable. It is important to note that not all acute words have an accent (tilde). Acute words are accented if they end in a vowel, for example: Perú, sofá, café. Also, grave or flat words are those that have the intensity of the voice in the penultimate syllable. It is necessary to take into account that not all grave words have an orthographic accent (tilde). Grave words do not have a stress if they end in VOWEL or in N or S: Example of grave words with stress: árbol, cárcel. In fact, there are grave words that are stressed even though they end in a vowel, thus breaking the diphthong (ia). Example: Maria, anthropology.
On the other hand, we find the esdrújulas words, which are those that carry the intensity of the voice in the antepenultimate syllable. Let us keep in mind that in this case all the sdruff words are always stressed with the orthographic accent (tilde). For example music, syllable, grammar. In addition, we find overdrújulas words, which are those that carry the intensity of the voice in the syllable before the antepenultimate syllable. All of them have a tilde. Mostly, they are verbs that are joined to indirect and direct complements or are adverbs. For example, difícilmente, últimamente. Now that we have explained the accentuation of words in Spanish, we proceed to explain the poetic accentuation. According to their position in the verse and in the rhythmic structure we can speak of different types of accents.
The accentuation in the poem is called rhythmic accent, and it is very important because it is a requirement of each type of stanza used, and characteristic of it. In each verse there can be several rhythmic accents and this is what we call internal accentuation of the verse. It should be noted that when the verse ends in an oxytone or acute word, one more syllable should be added or counted to the verse and if the last word is proparoxytone or esdrújula, one less should be subtracted, resulting that the last accent should always fall on the penultimate syllable of the meter. There is also the extrarhythmic accent, which is not required by the metrical scheme and at the same time is not a neighbor of a rhythmic accent.
In conclusion, it is important to learn to write correctly in order to transmit a message clearly and precisely. Serious or plain words ending in the consonants N, S or in a vowel have only a prosodic accent. Serious or flat words ending in a consonant, other than "N" or "S", are accented orthographically. The syllable of a word that is pronounced with more intensity is the stressed syllable. It is important to mention that the accent can be written or not, depending on the rules of accentuation. When the accent is written (called orthographic accent), it is marked with a small oblique line over the vowel, this is called tilde. When the accent is not written, it is called a prosodic accent.
Did you know about the rules of accentuation?
Disclaimer: I would like to let you know that English is not my mother tongue, I may even make some mistakes in the elaboration of sentences in my posts. Feel free to correct me attentively. It will help me in my learning process.
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