Air is crucial to life. It is something that surrounds us every day, everywhere, every step of the way.The air consists of 78.084% nitrogen (N2), 20.947% oxygen (O2), 0.934% argon (Ar) and 0.033% carbon dioxide (CO2). Composition of air which are mixed either naturally (volcanism, with flower pollen, by spraying water, ...) or with human activities or. pollutants (gases from industry, transport, ...) Pollutants pass into the atmosphere differently around the planet, but due to air masses they are distributed in the atmosphere. Slovenia has a small share of the world's population, but contributes a large effect of pollutants.
1. AIR Air is a mixture of gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere. We know clean and polluted air. In addition to water, air is the most important source of our survival. Therefore, we should be even more aware of insurance or. non-snow cover.2.1.Earth air mantle-The earth air mantle is roughly divided into four layers: troposphere, which extends at our latitude to about 12 kilometers above the earth's surface; about 80% of the total mass of air is collected in the troposphere, it also takes place in most weather phenomena; stratosphere, which reaches up to 50 kilometers; mesosphere, which reaches up to 90 km; ionosphere, which reaches up to 350 km. with height does not change significantly. Water vapor can be up to 4%, depending ontemperature and humidity.
2.POLLUTED AIR Polluted air contains many other impurities that are mixed either naturally (volcanism, with flower pollen, by spraying water, ...) or with human activities or. pollutants (gases from industry, transport, ...) Pollutants pass into the atmosphere differently around the planet, but due to air masses they are distributed in the atmosphere.
Air pollution is a very important thing. Our health also depends on the quality of the air we breathe. That is why we all need to pay attention to the air, especially the larger factories, which are usually also the biggest air pollutants.
The heated atmosphere will also affect the melting of ice in high-altitude and flowing glaciers. Multi-water lines would cause sea level rise of 0.5 to 2.5 meters. Rising sea levels have threatened many coastal towns, coastal lowlands, sea embankments and Dutch polders. Thus, cities such as New York, Venice, Amsterdam, Vlisingen, as well as all-Slovenian seaside towns, as well as Croatia, disappeared. More water would also change the distribution of precipitation on Earth. The southern areas would receive precipitation patterns and become even drier, while the areas in the north would become more favorable for farming.
3.OZONE Factories, heating companies, domestic chimneys, exhaust gases are the biggest causes of ozone depletion, which causes increased transmission of sunlight through the atmosphere, ie higher radiation. These rays are extremely dangerous, not only for humans but also for plants and animals. Gas emissions: Ozone depleting agents are: CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons),methyl bromide, halons, nitric oxide, methane, etc ... CFCs are a group of man-made chemicals used in the manufacture of sprays, refrigerators and some types of plastic. To date, the greatest damage to the ozone layer has been caused by the release of CFCs into the atmosphere. The commercial name for this chemical is freon. Only this is used as a coolant in refrigerators, freezers, and now very popular climates. To date,about 320 million tons of this dangerous chemical have been released into the atmosphere. Methyl bromide is responsible for about 10% reduction in ozone. This toxic gas emits bromine atoms. It is mainly used to sterilize soil, so some agricultural crops, such as strawberries, can grow all year round. It is also used to disinfect ships, aircraft and certain foods such as grapes, wheat, rice and coffee.
4.SMOG Due to general air pollution, ozone concentrations have doubled in the last two hundred years. The result is smog, a photochemical reaction that poses an additional danger to humans, animals and plants. The reason for the formation of smog was initially the burning of large amounts of coal. It also occurs in forest arson, incineration of agricultural waste,combustion of other fossil fuels and the like. In the 1950s, a new type of smog called photochemical smog appeared. Photochemical smog is a chemical phenomenon in which ozone is formed at a certain temperature, sunny weather and a large amount of nitrogen oxides. This phenomenon occurs in major cities and industrial sites. The phenomenon is dangerous to both humans and animals, as it causes respiratory inflammation.
AIR TRANSPORT A large part of the polluted air and the presence of CO2 can be attributed to aviation, despite all the technological improvements. The combustion of kerosene largely causes the formation of a greenhouse in the atmosphere. Another negative consequence of aviation exhaust gases is the depletion of the ozone layer, thereby rising ground temperatures and changing climate change. Air pollution from aviation exhaust is not adequately included in the documents of the 3rd Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Aviation is always in a privileged position compared to other modes of transport, and the industry is even exempt from kerosene taxes. Noise is also a big problem, as most of the world's airports, sports and helicopters are built right next to urban and densely populated cities. it will increase in the future. Therefore, advertisements for air travel should be accompanied by warnings about the consequences of flying for global warming.
Environmentalists say greenhouse gas emissions at high altitudes are twice as harmful to the atmosphere as they are to the ground, so people should opt for alternative means of transport instead of airplanes when possible. The warnings would spell out exactly how much carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere per flight per passenger. At the same time, the IPPR is also in favor of higher taxes on air transport. Scientists believe that temperatures on Earth are expected to rise from 1.8 degrees to 4 degrees Celsius this century, mainly due to greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. These are mostly used for energy generation and transportation. Due to the increase in air traffic, greenhouse gas emissions are expected to increase by two to three times in the future.
In Europe and the world, competition between airlines is intensifying, ticket prices are falling and MEPs are addressing the environmental impact of air transport. Parliament adopted a resolution proposing measures to increase ticket prices as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Passenger planes fly at an altitude of 8,000 to 13,000 meters and the exhaust gases of their engines affect the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. The higher the planes, the harder CO2 is degraded in the atmosphere. Aircraft emissions currently account for only 3% of total EU emissions, but the share is growing rapidly.
A team of English and American scientists is developing a new form of aircraft to help reduce climate change. The form of t. i. The SAX-40 is very different from conventional aircraft, it has special "joined" bat-like wings, is wedge-shaped and has no tail. It makes much less noise than other modern aircraft, and its biggest advantage is 35 percent better fuel efficiency. The aircraft is also a prototype, as manufacturers are very careful when introducing such innovations; they carry a lot of risk and cost. For now, therefore, they prefer to renovate existing models.In the last 50 years, of course, manufacturers have introduced many changes, began to use composite substances and lighter and more efficient engines.
Airbus has unveiled three designs for the first zero-emission aircraft. Their solution is hydrogen, which would also be the main source of energy. Named ZEROe, the aircraft represent the climate-neutral, zero-emission passenger aircraft of the future. Airbus predicts that it could see the light of day or the sky as early as 2035.
Three concept designs of Airbus aircraft:
1.The first design of the aircraft, called the TURBOFAN, would be powered by a redesigned turbine that would use hydrogen instead of fuel. There would be room for 120 to 200 passengers with a range of two thousand nautical miles.
2.Another design, called TURBOPROP, would contain both hydrogen and fuel-powered. With a range of a thousand nautical miles, it could carry up to a hundred passengers. They would use it for shorter distances.
3.The third design, however, is the one that will stand out the most. Both wings are part of the hull and thus garnered the most attention. But if we disregard this, it will have room for at least 200 passengers.
Much remains to be done to keep our atmosphere conducive to the lives of our descendants. We also learned what terrible things we have already done to the environment, and to the air itself. More importantly, we focus on the things that protect our environment and try to correct those mistakes that we have already made. Let's protect the environment if we want to live.
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