Hypothermia - prolonged exposure to cold, causing body to fall under 35 degrees Celsius.
Symptoms: Shivering, cold, pale, dry skin, apathy, disorientation or irrational behaviour, lethargy, impaired consciouness, slow shallow breathing, slow, weakening pulse.
What to do: move them to a shelter, remove wet clothing, make sure head is covered, protect them from the ground (blanket or thick dry layer of insulating material), call 999 or 112 (in UK), give them warm drinks and/or high energy foods (chocolate, butter). Monitor vital signs until help arrives.
Indoors: cover with blankets, give warm drinks nd/or high energy foods (chocolate, butter). Monitor vital signs until help arrives.
Do not give alcohol, it is making hypothermia worst, reheat slowly, avoid hot bath or hear sources nearby (heating too quickly can divert the blood flow from heart and brain. Always ensure your own safety (removing your own clothing to provide extra layers for casualty is a big NO-NO).
Heatstroke - serious condition occuring when the body becomes dangerously overheated. Can develop with little warning and lead to unconsciouness withing minutes of feeling unwell.
Symptoms: body temperature above 40 degrees Celsius. Rapid deterioration in level of response, hot, flushed and dry skin, headache, dizziness and discomfort, full pounding pulse, restlessness and confusion.
Treatment: move the person to a cool, shaded place, remove our layer of clothing, call 999 or 112 for emergency help. Sit down and support with cushions, wrap them in a cold, damp sheet until the temperature starts to fall. Keep the sheet damp by pouring cold water over it, use a fan if possible. When temperature is good, replace the wet sheet with a dry one. Monitor and record vital signs, if temperature rises again, restart the cooling process.
Full First Aid manual here:
Strokes and seizures in children and adults
Fractures, sprains and strains
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