Stroke - third most common cause of death and first most common cause of severe diability. More than 250.000 people in UK live with disabilities caused by a stroke. A stroke is a kind of brain attack, when the blood supply is cut off, and the essential nutrients and the oxygen cannot go to the brain. Without them, the brain cells are damaged or destroyed. Body functions are affected, aswell as the ways of how we think, learn, feel and communicate. A stroke is sudden and has immediate effects.
How to recognize it? Use the FAST method
F - Face - Is their face fallen on a side? Can they smile?
A - Arms - Can they raise both arms and keep them up?
S -Speech - Is their speech slurred?
T -Time - Call 999 for ambulance if any of the signs is present.
Seizures in children - come in two forms, febrile and epilectic. If they have a fever higher than 37 degrees Celsius and skin is hot at touch, they need to drink plenty of water and have a recommended dose of Paracetamol syrup to reduce discomfort. If the fever is high, you may have febrile seizure - muscle twitch, eyes fixed or rolled upward, back arching, fists clenching, holding their breath, face looking blue. Cool the child by opening a window or a door, remove layers of clothing. Once the child is cool, after few minutes, the seizure should stop. If it is first one or lasts more than 5 minutes, take the child to hospital as soon as possible.
Seizures in adults - interruption in brain electrical activity causes muscles to contract uncontrolably (seizures or fit). the person tends to lose consciouness.Can be caused by trauma, head injury, alcohol poisoning or diabetes (hypoglicaemia). You need to check the level of response, pulse, breathing, if they are safe and not harming themselves during the fit.
Key signs:
Sudden loss of consciouness,
Rigid body with arching back,
Noisy difficult breathing,
Convulsions (jerky, uncontrolled movements),
Loss of bladder and bowel control,
Can be confused afterwards, fall into deep sleep.
Do not restrain them, move sharp objects out of the wayt, time the seizure (how many minutes), protect their head, put them in recovery position. If they stop brathing, perform CPR and call the ambulance.
Full First Aid manual here:
Strokes and seizures in children and adults
Fractures, sprains and strains
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