Computer

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*What is Computer?:

A modern computer is a device that can receive and store a large amount of data and can use the data in a mathematical analysis and rational process by following specific instructions; At the same time, if the program is fixed, it can make its own decisions and publish the results. The word computer comes from the Greek word compute. The word compute literally means to calculate. In that case, the word computer means calculator. At present, however, computers are not jlust calculators. Modern computers can simultaneously perform all kinds of tasks, including data acquisition, calculation, and analysis.

*History of the invention of computer:

The invention of modern computer is the result of many years of relentless work and research of people with innumerable innovative powers. Although the ancients used a variety of techniques to perform calculations, the first computational device was the "Abacus". The first mechanical calculator was invented in 1842 by the French scientist "Blaise Pascal". Through many evolutions, in the early nineteenth century, Charles Babbage invented a computational device that could only perform mathematical calculations mechanically, without human assistance. Babbage named this device the Difference Engine. While researching this device, he came up with the idea of ​​a more advanced and universal device. However, due to the lack of necessary equipment, Babbage could not put his researched idea into practice. However, his calculated device later gave the idea of ​​a modern computer. Originally, the modern computer was introduced in 1833.

*Computer and its working method:

Computer manages its working method mainly through three parts. These are - input, central processing unit or CPU and output. The function of the input part is to receive data and instructions. The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. Because all the information is stored in this part. Basically the CPU performs various processes on the received data and saves the data and results. After all, the output does the job of publishing the results. The controlling structure of these three parts is collectively called hardware. Basically all the external equipment of the computer i.e. monitor, key board, mouse, hard-disk, motherboard, scanner, disk, printer, speaker etc. are included in the hardware.

On the other hand, the set of programs that control and execute the hardware is called software. Basically, a series of instructions arranged for the purpose of solving a problem or performing a task together is called a program. And software is the sum of the programs that manage the hardware. At the heart of the amazing functionality of the computer is the collective support of all these devices and components.

*Use of computer:

Nowadays the use of computer in daily life is so widespread that it can be easily identified as the age of computer. The presence of computer is noticeable in every aspect of modern life. There is actually no work that the computer is not doing. Computers are solving complex calculations of billions in a matter of moments. Banks, insurance, or large factory management plans, instructions, income-expenditure, profit-loss calculations are all computer-assisted. Nowadays in communication system, computer has become essential in research institutes. Even in the field of education, there is widespread use of computers in everything from providing textbooks to publishing test results. In the field of medicine, on the one hand, the computer is diagnosing the disease and determining the physical condition of the patient. On the other hand, it is also helping in the field of surgery. Computer drawing, editing old pictures, drawing maps, printing and graphics design, and design of houses, cars, airplanes, sculptures, etc. In the case of entertainment, a pair of computers is also a match. Cricket, football, racing, chess and various video games can be played on the computer at home. Computers are also reaching out to those difficult tasks that are impossible for human beings, in those inaccessible areas where people are unable to go, and are performing tasks efficiently. For example, a computer-powered ‘scanner’ retrieved part of a wrecked plane from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Computers are also playing a unique role in the printing industry. With the help of computer and internet, it is possible to know any information of the world sitting at home. In addition, the computer is working as a helper in the exchange of information. Due to such multiple uses of computer, it has developed an inseparable relationship with modern life. Even a day of modern life cannot be imagined without a computer. Computers with multiple functions have given human civilization huge benefits, great speed and above all tens of possibilities.

*Use of computers in Bangladesh:

In 1974, computers were first brought to the Atomic Energy Commission of Bangladesh. Computers have been used officially since 1974. At present the use of computer can be noticed widely in the country. The use of computer education is increasing day by day as a result of the government's initiative to make the youth aware of science and technology. At present, the number of computers and related internet and information technology companies in Bangladesh is much higher than before.

*Information Technology and Computers:

Computers are closely related to information technology. The past two decades have seen remarkable advances in information technology around the world. Events like globalization have happened through information technology which has brought the whole world in the hands of human beings. The system involved in collecting, storing, analyzing and disclosing information is known as ICT. And the only way to manage or control this information technology is computers, especially the internet. The combination of information technology and computer has signaled a radical change in human civilization.

*Unemployment Problems and Computers:

This man-made device is sometimes the cause of human harm, of which unemployment is significant. A computer is working of a few people in a moment. As a result, where four or five people used to work, one person is enough because of the computer. But now in many cases computers are also creating new jobs. Computers are spreading at a huge rate day by day. Lots of skilled manpower is needed here. In other words, the proper use of computer according to the plan is reducing unemployment and creating new jobs for people. This is creating employment for a large number of educated youth.

*Different problems of computer:

There are good and bad aspects to everything. Similarly, modern people are blessed with computers on the one hand, and suffer from various problems on the other. With the help of computers, some criminal gangs are trying to create chaos in the world by building weapons. Besides, computers are being used for war crimes, occupation of lands, cyber crime etc. Although the Internet has opened up an unobstructed wilderness of knowledge to young people, the spread of various ugly and obscene cultures is pushing the youth to the brink of destruction. Various games including video games often make people addicted. Radioactivity emitted from computers is harmful to the human body. Also prolonged computer use is harmful to the eyes.

*Necessity of computer education:

Computer education is essential to keep pace with modern civilization. Computer knowledge is essential to ensure proper and positive use of computers. The more people acquire accurate knowledge about computers, the less misuse of computers will occur. And the progress of the country and the nation will be accelerated only if we can ensure the proper use of computer.

★★In this age of modern science, it is impossible to leave out the computer. The use of computers in developing countries has become inevitable today. In that case, considering the socio-economic condition of the country, the field of application of computer has to be selected. The planned use of computers can bring developing countries like Bangladesh to the brink of modern civilization and progress.★★

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