@Jim 19 July 2020

Western Schools of Philosophy: PRAGMATISM

**Proponent/ Philosopher** John Dewey

Charles Sanders Peirce

William James

Richard Rorty

**Assumptions**  Pragmatism tends to be individualistic, selfish; has no values; has no ethics, and is thus superficial. Pragmatism holds that whatever fulfills one’s purposes and develops his life is true. **Roles of Teachers**  The teachers should have the capacity to know the interests of the students.  They should understand the conditions and situations of changing society.  They put forth problems for the students to be solved according to their interests. They also create situations to develop social interests, attitudes, and habits for the welfare of society. **Models /Strategies** It uses the experimental method, creative projects, etc.

**Educational Aims**             To pragmatism, the aim of education is to provide dynamic direction and guidance to the child according to his natural interests, aptitudes, and capacities in the field of academic activities that he grows up and develops more and more and is endowed with capacities to confront the ever-changing problems and challenges of modern life successfully achieving a happier, a better and richer life. **Curriculum Emphasis**       The curriculum must grow out of a child’s interests, experiences, impulses, and needs. The curriculum must be child-centered. Pragmatists stressed that school subjects should be woven around the child’s activities. The lesson should begin with social topics such as food, shelter, modes of communication, speech reading, drawing, and modeling.

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