Asia, being the biggest continent in the world is the host of many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages and is considered as the home of many ancient civilization. Some countries of this continent has intellectual revolutions that provided significant basis in the advancement of the modern science, the scientific thinking and our understanding on how society is transformed by science and technology that we benefit nowadays.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION IN CHINA
-China is well known for acupuncture,
which is their traditional medicine.
-They are famous for their knowledge
in astronomy and for creating the
lunar calendar.
-They are the one who discovered
compass, papermaking, gunpowder,
and printing tools.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS IN INDIA
-India is famous in Ayurveda, known
as their traditional medicine.
(Susruta Samhita)
-Also known for manufacturing iron
and in metallurgical works
-Spherical self-supporting earth
-Year of 360 days with 12 equal
parts of 30 days each
-Siddhanta Shiromani is the major treatise of indian mathematician Bhaskara II, The work is composed in Sanskrit Language in 1450 verses, the interest in astronomy was evident in this book.
-Indus Valley Civilization has also tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and a designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro Ruler)
Aryabhata
Is one of the first major Mathematician, he is an astronomer from the classical age of Indian Mathematics and Indian Astronomy, a great astronomer of the classical world that had enormous influence not only in Asia but the in the whole world. He introduced a number of trigonometric functions, tables and techniques as well as algorithms of algebra. He is also the one who place the value system, the approximation of and the trigonometry including the defining the cosine, versine, and inverse sine. He scientifically explained the Solar and Lunar Eclipsed and claim that the moon and the planet shine by the reflected sunlight.
Brahmagupta – Brahmasphutasiddhanta
Is another contributor of intellectual revolution who defined the properties of the number zero, both as placeholder and a decimal digit. He was the one who suggested that the gravity is a force of attraction.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS IN AFRICA
Aside from Asia, there are other places where intellectual revolutions took place which also provided significant basis in the advancement of the modern science, the scientific thinking and our understanding on how society is transformed by science and technology. Africa, being the world’s second largest continent after Asia, has contribution on the intellectual revolution as well.
-Development of geometry
-Center of Alchemy
-Studied human anatomy and pharmacology
-Astronomy
-Mathematics
HOW REVOLUTION ADVANCE MODERN SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC THINKING AT THAT TIME
Emphasizing systematic experimentation as the most valid research method, the scientific revolution, with its drastic change in scientific thought that took place at that time has transformed the views of society about nature and has helped the society practiced abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, understand how nature works and the view of nature as a machine, and understand the development of an experimental scientific method. With the developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry, the society obtain a wider scientific view and perspective on how the world works and how its development over the past years up until today has emerged.
IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING HOW SOCIETY IS TRANSFORMED BY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Intellectual revolutions is necessary to achieve the needs of society, this continuous process as a basis of developments involves critical-thinking, evaluation, and creating appropriate rules for equal opportunity helps people change their worldview by discrediting old religious and classical presuppositions and shows how an increasingly complex system of natural rules and interactions governed the physical world. The intellectual revolutions creates new knowledge, utilization, and understanding about how the advancement of the modern science has transformed our society by the science and technology. This is also the basis which improves our scientific thinking in solving various problems that the society faces nowadays.
Reference link: https://www.slideshare.net/donnaruthtalo/lesson-2-intellectual-revolutions-that-defined-society
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