Kad na televiziji ili radiju čujem za grad Vukovar, to me prvo podsjeti na ratne strahote. Za vrijeme Domovinskoga rata mediji su prenosili vijesti o borbama u Vukovaru i u meni su ostale tužne i neizbrisive slike tuge na licima ljudi.
Vukovar je okupiran 1991. godine, a Hrvatskoj je vraćen Erdutskim sporazumom 15. siječnja 1998.
Ljudi u Vukovaru bore se od mlađega kamenog doba, tako barem svjedoči vučedolska kultura. Nekada su se borili s kamenom pa topljenju bakra pokušavajući od njega napraviti oruđe, u ratu su ga branili od neprijatelja, a danas se u njemu bore za opstanak.
Putujem u Muzej vučedolske kulture. Jednostavno volim povijest. Volim razmišljati na način da uspoređujem što se sve promijenilo u odnosu na prije – što na bolje, a što na lošije.
When I hear about the city of Vukovar on television or radio, it first reminds me of the horrors of war. During the Homeland War, the media carried news about the fighting in Vukovar, and sad and indelible images of sadness remained on people's faces.
Vukovar was occupied in 1991, and returned to Croatia by the Erdut Agreement on January 15, 1998.
People in Vukovar have been fighting since the Neolithic, so at least the Vučedol culture testifies. They used to fight with stone and melt copper trying to make a tool out of it, in the war they defended it from the enemy, and today they fight for survival in it.
I am traveling to the Museum of Vučedol Culture. I just love history. I like to think in a way that compares what has changed from before - for the better and for the worse.
Vučedolska arheološka nalazišta nalaze se na desnoj obali Dunava. U Enciklopediji hrvatske umjetnosti piše da je prve arheološke nalaze prikupila obitelj Streim, u čijem je vlasništvu Vučedol i bio, te ih je predala Arheološkom muzeju u Zagrebu.
Vučedolska civilizacija na obalama Dunava ostavila je tragove kulture življenja. Koliko se ta prastara civilizacija razlikovala od današnje?
Danas je ovdje tišina, Dunav je obasjan ljetnim suncem, napuštene kućice za kampiranje iz prošloga stoljeća i privezane brodice živi su svjedoci kako se do nedavno ovdje živjelo. Tišina se prosula Dunavom i zrakom i ona jedina ovdje vlada.
Na obalama Dunava čovjek je i prije pet tisuća godina radoznalo gledao u zalaske sunca, u bistru vodu Dunava.
U današnjem promjenjivom ritmu sretni smo kada možemo otići na dva tjedna na more, uživati u suncu i pogledu na providno plavetnilo mora.
Vučedol archeological sites are located on the right bank of the Danube. The Encyclopedia of Croatian Art states that the first archaeological finds were collected by the Streim family, which owned Vučedol, and handed them over to the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb.
The Vučedol civilization left traces of the culture of living on the banks of the Danube. How different was this ancient civilization from today?
Today there is silence here, the Danube is illuminated by the autumn sun, abandoned camping houses from the last century and moored boats are living witnesses to how people lived here until recently. Silence has spread through the Danube and the air and it is the only one that rules here.
On the banks of the Danube, five thousand years ago, man looked curiously at the sunsets, at the clear waters of the Danube.
In today’s changing pace we are happy when we can go for two weeks to the sea, enjoy the sun and the view of the transparent blue of the sea.
Vučedol je nalazište na Dunavu kraj Vukovara, a arheološka istraživanja govore da datira od trećeg tisućljeća prije Krista. Ono što me iznenadilo jest informacija da je malen broj grobova pronađen na ovom lokalitetu. Zašto je tome tako?
Pronađena su groblja životinja koje su žrtvovane. To nije neobično, i u Starome zavjetu kršćanske Biblije postoje zapisani zahtjevi Boga koji traži da se kolju životinje i da mu se prinose na žrtveniku radi oprosta.
Pronađene su jame u zemlji koje su služile pohrani hrane i ostaci žitarica u keramičkim posudama, koje su također ukopavane u zemlju. Zemlja i keramika čuvale su hranu od kvarljivosti.
Može se pretpostaviti da su se kuće gradile od prirodnih materijala kao što su kolci, šiblje i blato. Prije pet tisuća godina ovdje su se uzgajale žitarice kao što su pšenica i ječam. Čovjek je radio u polju i obrađivao zemlju te spremao zimnicu.
Borio se s kamenom pokušavajući od njega napraviti oruđe s kojim će odlaziti u lov i braniti se od neprijatelja.
Kuće na povišenim obroncima, visokim terasama uz rijeku i špiljama, vjerojatno su bile uobičajene u to vrijeme. Tu su i tragovi znanja o topljenju bakra.
Vučedol is a site on the Danube near Vukovar, and archaeological research says that it dates back to the third millennium BC. What surprised me was the information that a small number of graves were found at this site. Why is that so?
The cemeteries of the sacrificed animals were found. This is not unusual, and in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible there are written requests of God who asks that animals be slaughtered and offered to him on the altar for forgiveness.
Pits were found in the ground that served to store food and grain remains in ceramic pots, which were also buried in the ground. Earth and pottery kept food from spoiling.
It can be assumed that the houses were built of natural materials such as stakes, reeds and mud. Five thousand years ago, cereals such as wheat and barley were grown here. The man was working in the field and cultivating the land and preparing for the winter.
He fought with a stone trying to make it a tool with which to go hunting and defend himself from the enemy.
Houses on elevated slopes, high terraces along the river, and caves were probably common at the time. There are also traces of knowledge about copper smelting.
Kao što se može vidjeti u muzeju, u to vrijeme keramika je bila glavni materijal od kojeg su se izrađivale posude za pripremanje hrane. Bile su raznovrsnih oblika; s nogama, trbušaste, cilindrične, jajolike, u obliku golubice – što je sve lijepo predstavljeno u muzeju. Raznovrsni oblici ukazuju na kreativnost u umjetnosti koje nije nedostajalo u ta prastara vremena. Čovjek koji je živio ovdje prije pet tisuća godina umio je doći do ideja te ih provesti u djela. Čovjek je čak krenuo u proizvodnju oruđa poput sjekira, kopalja i šila.
As can be seen in the museum, at that time pottery was the main material from which food preparation vessels were made. They were of various shapes; with legs, belly-shaped, cylindrical, ovoid, dove-shaped - all beautifully presented in the museum. The various forms point to creativity in art that was not lacking in those ancient times. The man who lived here five thousand years ago was able to come up with ideas and put them into action. The man even started making tools like axes, spears and awls.
Najpoznatija keramička posuda od pečene gline s arheoloških iskapanja u Vučedolu jest Vučedolska golubica ili jarebica.
Danas simbol grada Vukovara, nekada davno namjena joj je bila paljenje tamjana, a možda se u njoj čuvalo i kakvo čudnovato piće. Jarebica govori o jednoj prastaroj i naprednoj civilizaciji koja je poznavala proizvodnju, poljoprivredu i metalurgiju. Danas je Vučedolska golubica hrvatski suvenir koji je poznat u cijelom svijetu. Ova golubica najstarija je figura ptice dosada otkrivena u Europi, a nastala je između 2800. i 2400. godine prije Krista. Posuda se nalazi u Arheološkome muzeju u Zagrebu.
Prije pet tisuća godina ovdje su živjeli ljudi koji su lovili ribu, hvatali jelene, prali keramiku i kožu te palili ognjište. Znali su izabrati toplo mjesto na kojemu će živjeti, obronke pokraj rijeke. Znali su odmarati pogled gledajući u Dunav.
Slažem dojmove nakon posjeta muzeju, slušam u daljini drveće kako šumi i ljetni vjetar kako se probija kroz prazan prostor noseći duše onih koji su prije pet tisuća godina ovdje prebivali.
The most famous ceramic vessel made of baked clay from archeological excavations in Vučedol is the Vučedol dove or partridge.
Today, it is a symbol of the city of Vukovar, once upon a time its purpose was to burn incense, and perhaps some strange drink was kept in it. The partridge speaks of an ancient and advanced civilization that knew production, agriculture and metallurgy. Today, the Vučedol dove is a Croatian souvenir that is known all over the world. This dove is the oldest bird figure ever discovered in Europe, and was created between 2800 and 2400 BC. The vessel is in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb.
Five thousand years ago, people lived here who fished, caught deer, washed pottery and leather, and lit a fireplace. They knew how to choose a warm place to live, slopes by the river. They knew how to rest their eyes looking at the Danube.
I compose my impressions after visiting the museum, listening in the distance to the trees rustling and the summer wind breaking through the empty space carrying the souls of those who lived here five thousand years ago.
There is one city I have always loved There is one Slavonian oak There is one city dear to every heart There is one giant Croatian Vukovar, Vukovar It stands while the waters of the Danube flow Vukovar, Vukovar It burns on the bumper of its Croatia There is one ship to all of us Who doesn't travel anywhere He has one ship and a family in it Which stays there forever Vukovar, Vukovar It stands while the waters of the Danube flow Vukovar, Vukovar It burns on the bumper of its Croatia