Ulcerative colitis:😣

Ulcerative colitis is one of the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease along with Crohn's disease. IT is more common in non-/ex-smokers and the age between 15-30 years and above 60.

Ulcerative colitis involves the large bowel and is a life long illness (Chronic)that creates an emotional and mental impact on the affected person.It results in inflammation and ulcer of the colon and rectum.

Ulcerative colitis happens when immune system makes a mistake. Normally it attacks invaders in our body like common cold.But when one suffer from Ulcerative colitis, our immune system thinks food as good gut bacteria and the lining cells of the colon are the intruders.WBC which usually protects our attack the lining of colon instead. Then they cause the inflammation and Ulcer in our Gut.

Genetic factors:HLA-DR 103;colonic epithelial barrier function (HNF4a,LAMBI,CDHI)

TYPES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS:

1)Ulcerative proctitis

2)Proctosigmoiditis

3)Left sided colitis

4)Pancolitis

5)Acute severe Ulcerative colitis.

SIGN/SYMPTOMS:

Sign:

1) Abdomen may be slightly distended and tender.

2)Rectal examination will show the presence of blood.

3) There are no other specific sign in ulcerative colitis.

Symtoms:

1)Bloody diarrhoea .

2)Lower abdominal discomfort .

3)Abdominal cramps

4) Tenesmus.

5)Malaise,lethargy, anorexia in sever case.

6) weight loss.

7)Difficulty during defecation .

8)Digestion problem .

INVESTIGATIONS:

The main investigation with which it can be confirmed that it is ulcerative colitis is COLONOSCOPY.

The ulcers in the colon will be clearly seen during colonoscopy.

Full blood count can be done to see Hb level to detect Anaemia resulting from bleeding or malabsorption of iron,folic acid or vitB12.

More other investigations can be done like-

-Stool culture

-Blood culture

-Straight abdominal X-Ray. Where we can get Dialatation of the colon, mucosal oedema(Thumb -printing),evidence of perforation.

-MRI

-Sigmoidscopy etc.

TREATMENT:

Medical:

1)DIET:Proper diet is necessary according to doctors chart.

2)Corticosteroids

3) Antibiotics

4) Anti diarrhoea agent

5)Nutritional support

6)Blood transfusion if Hb less than 10gm/dl

Surgical:

Panproctocolectomy with ileostomy or proctocolectomy with ideal-anal pouch a anastomosis.

PROGNOSIS:

About 10% of those with Ulcerative colitis have an initial attack and quickly get worse with serious complications. In many people it spreads to Large intestine over time.This can turn in to colon cancer.But about half the people who survive if doctor catch the disease early enough and remove the colon

That's all the few knowledge I have about Ulcerative colitis..Now a days this disease is seen commonly in more or less patient..We should always carefull about our Diet and should do regular exercise which will boost our immune system properly..

Thank u all🤗