Hello learners
This is my second day with you to travel inside a disease Diabetes Mellitus.
Incase you missed my previous writing you can find it here.
Journey inside disease(Diabetes Mellitus-1)
Today we gonna focus on how to diagnose it..
So Lets dive in....
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
I hope readers will find easy to explain biochemical results and will be able to diagnose diabetes mellitus on their own.
There are 3 ways or 3 diameters to confirm the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus.
The first one-
1. Fasting blood sugar level or (FBS )
- more than or equal to 7 mmol/L
Or
- more than or equal to 126 mg/dL
The second diameter which we can use is
2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or ( OGTT)
- more than is equal to 11.1 mmol/ L
- more than or equal to 200 mg/dL
And the last one is
3. HbA1C( Glycosylated hemoglobin A 1C)
- more than or equal to 6.5%
Do you know the normal levels of blood sugar level in your body. Incase answer is no lets proceed.
Very very important to remember is
Normal value of blood sugar level:
1. Fasting blood sugar level- 3.5- 6.1 mmol/ L
2. Random blood glucose level- 3.5 - less than 7.8 mmol/ L
3. Glycosylated hemoglobin A 1 c ( HbA1C) is less than 5.7 mg/dL
Now you can check your own blood sugar level in nearby diagnostic center and be sure your blood sugar level is within the normal range. Because increased blood sugar level have various bad effects on your health. Which we gonna discuss later.
Previously I talked about a test named OGTT. Many of you may find this term new and today I gonna dive inside this test.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
What do you think when will your doctor advise you for OGTT. Well, theres some conditions behind them. Lets understand
Indication of OGTT:
1. If fasting blood suvar more than 6.1 mmol/L to less than 7 mmol/ L we should go for OGTT.
2. If random blood sugar level is 7.8 mmol/ L to 11mmol/L.
3. To diagnose pre diabetes OGTT is done.
Pre diabetic condition:
a. IFG( Impaired Fasting Glucose)
b. IGT ( Impaired Glucose Tolerance)
4. Also OGTT is done to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus.
Like many other biochemical tests OGTT also has some prerequisites too..
Prerequisites of OGTT:
But before doing Oral glucose tolerance test we should consider the following;
1. Discontinuation of medication known to effect glucose tolerance.
( Note: we must stop using drugs that hamper glucose metabolism 7 days before ogtt is done
These drugs include: thiazides, corticosteroids, OCP-oral contraceptive peal. )
2. Test should be performed in the morning after 3 days of unrestricted diet and unrestricted activity ( unrestricted diet means having 150 gm of carbohydrate per day)
3. Test should be performed after 10 hours of fasting. Guys, this is an important matter to keep in mind.
4. Incase of hospitalized patient or hospital admitted patient this test cannot be done.
Readers here I wanna ask you a question can you guess why? Why OGTT cant be done for hospital admitted patients.
5. Test should be performed without smoking cigarettes.
Readers, please dont feel bored. Just follow me and we gonna discover deeper inside of OGTT.
Now we have gained idea about why when and before what we should have our ogtt done .
Lets have a look about the roadmap of this test.
Procedure of OGTT:
1. Test should begin between 7 am to 9 am.
2. 10 hours fasting is mandatory.
3. Estimation of fasting blood sugar level.
4. Recommended glucose load is 75 gram dissolved in 300 ml of water and ingested over 5 minutes.
5. Two hours after oral glucose intake again blood sample is collected and estimation of blood glucose level.
Simple, our oral glucose tolerance test is over. Now lets wait for the result. I wish everyone have positive result then.
But today I will not discuss about the interpretation of the result of OGTT. You must wait for
Journey inside disease( Diabetes Mellitus-3)
Hope I will meet you soon. Till then be healthier.
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Great wrote❤