FORMER PRESIDENT JOSEPH ESTRADA WAS BORN

April 19, 1937

Despite being hit by COVID-19, former Philippine President and former Manila city mayor Joseph Ejercito Estrada was still able to celebrate his 84th birthday today. Jose Marcelo Ejercito was born on this day in 1937 in the Tondo district of Manila, the eighth of 10 children of the wealthy couple Emilio Ejercito, Sr. and Maria Marcelo. He moved to the city of San Juan where he grew up and became educated.

He was able to study at Ateneo de Manila University from elementary to 2nd year high school after he was expelled from school. Just to make his father happy, he moved to the Mapua Institute of Technology to study Civil Engineering, but also moved to the Philippines College of Engineering and as expected, he was expelled from school again.

After dropping out of college, he entered the world of acting at the age of 20, often acting as a villain, and there he became known as Joseph Estrada. He also worked in the industry with veteran actor Fernando Poe, Jr., where he earned his famous screen name “Erap” or inverted word pare.

In that industry, he not only became an actor, but also became a director, and even formed the Movie Workers Welfare Foundation or Mowelfund, which accompanies movie makers, producers and screem writers, whether financially or economically. He also co -founded the Metro Manila Film Festival which was first celebrated in 1975.

He first entered politics in 1967 when he was elected mayor of San Juan, a former town in Rizal province. Education and the welfare of students have been the priorities of Mayor Estrada's leadership. He served as mayor of San Juan from 1967 to 1986, and then he entered the Senate from 1987 to 1992. As the country's senator he was one of the senators who voted to end the stay of American military bases in our country in 1991. , and was able to enact laws for farming such as tightening irrigation and protecting buffaloes. He was elected Vice President by President Fidel V. Ramos, where he was also appointed Chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission. Estrada was better known for his action against big-time criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates in the country, but also retired in 1997.

Joseph Estrada was elected the 13th President of our country and the third President of the Fifth Republic in 1998, and was sworn in as President at the Barasoain church in Malolos, Bulacan, the second president to perform such a ceremony at that church, in commemoration of the centenary. of our national independence and the birth of the first Republic of the Philippines. President Estrada is known for his strict leadership and indifference to government corruption, even though he is still a political friend. He waged a "total war" against Muslim militants and bandits in Mindanao, and strictly enforced the death penalty, one of whom was hanged during his administration Leo Echegaray.

But scandals also enveloped his leadership, when he became involved in jueteng favoring and government corruption, which resulted in him being impeachment, the first President of the Philippines to sit on impeachment. President Estrada's administration ended EDSA II in January 2001, and was later charged with various cases related to his former corruption. But he was also released thanks to former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2007.

He returned to government when he was elected mayor of Manila against Alfredo Lim in 2013 to 2019, when he was replaced by Francisco "Isko" Domagoso.

DSTING PRESIDENT EMILIO AGUINALDO CALLS FOR FILIPINO RESISTANTS TO SURRENDER TO AMERICANS

April 19, 1901

Almost three weeks after the late President of the First Republic of the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo swore allegiance to America, he signed a peace manifesto on this day in 1901. At the request of the American colonel who arrested Aguinaldo, Frederick Funston. , former President Aguinaldo signed and promulgated the manifesto convincing Filipino generals and soldiers still fighting the Americans to surrender and submit to American sovereignty. In the manifesto, former President Aguinaldo declared that the bloodshed, the tears, and the devastation caused by the war were right, and he insisted that he had done everything to lead our country peacefully in the face of the Philippine conflict. in America.

Military Governor Arthur MacArthur added that he will guarantee amnesty to the first 1,000 Filipino prisoners of war who will swear allegiance to America as part of restoring peace in the country. Copies of former President Aguinaldo's peace manifesto were published nationwide.

Here is the full text of President Aguinaldo's manifesto in English:

I believe I am not in error in presuming that the unhappy fate to which my adverse fortune has led me is not a surprise to those who have been familiar with the progress of the war. The lessons taught with full meaning and which have recently come to my knowledge suggest with irresistible force that a complete termination of hostilities and lasting peace are not only desirable but essential to the welfare of the Philippine Islands.

The Filipinos have never been dismayed at their weakness, nor have they faltered in following the path pointed out by their fortitude and courage. The time has come, however, in which they find their advance along this path to be impeded by an irresistible force, which, while it restrains them, yet enlightens their minds and opens to them another course, presenting them the cause of peace. This cause has been joyfully embraced by the majority of my fellow countrymen, who have already united around the glorious sovereign banner of the United States. In this banner, they repose their trust and believe that under its protection the Filipino people will attain all those promised liberties which they are beginning to enjoy.

The country has declared unmistakably in favor of peace. So be it. There has been enough blood, enough tears, and enough desolation. This wish cannot be ignored by the men still in arms if they are animated by a desire to serve our noble people, which has thus clearly manifested its will. So do I respect this will, now that it is known to me?

After mature deliberation, I resolutely proclaim to the world that I cannot refuse to heed the voice of a people longing for peace, nor the lamentations of thousands of families yearning to see their dear ones enjoying the liberty and the promised generosity of the great American Nation.

By acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty of the United States throughout the Philippine Archipelago, as I now do, and without any reservation whatsoever, I believe that I am serving you, my beloved country. May happiness be yours!

(signature)

EMILIO AGUINALDO

PHILIPPINE AIRLINES FLIGHT 541 CRASHES IN SAMAL, DAVAO DEL NORTE

April 19, 2000

All 131 passengers and crew of Air Philippines Flight 541 were killed in what is considered the worst air tragedy in Philippine history, on this day in 2000. Flight 541 came from Ninoy Aquino International Airport, which flew past 5:30 p.m.

The Boeing 737-2H4 carrying 124 passengers and seven crew was unable to reach its destination at Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City when the plane crashed into coconut groves on the island of Samal in Davao del North. The plane exploded and was consumed in just a few hours. Due to the intense fire that occurred after the plane crash, not even one entire body of the passengers was recovered, and only a few body parts were recovered. None of the passengers survived the crash of Flight 541.

THE BEGINNING OF THE WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING

April 19, 1943

On the eve of Passover Day on this Jewish day in 1943, a Jewish uprising broke out in their ghetto or walled sector in the city of Warsaw in Poland. Despite the lack of weapons and fighting skills, the armed Jews were not afraid to fight the large battalions of the Waffen-SS guarding the Warsaw Ghetto. At the behest of SS Chief Heinrich Himmler, the Jewish uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto was met with brutal violence, where thousands of Jews who were otherwise mercilessly shot by the SS were burned alive. , and they destroyed the buildings inside the ghetto where the rebels and other Jews were hiding.

The Jewish uprising in Warsaw was the first uprising of the Jews against the oppression of them by the Nazis during World War II. This was so that they could fight the SS's plan to deport them to Nazi concentration camps. From the time the Nazis invaded Poland and occupied Warsaw from September to October 1939, the Nazis rounded up hundreds of thousands of Jews living in Warsaw and imprisoned them in the designated ghetto or place where they would just stay, which did not reach the total area was one square kilometer, and they were even fenced off by high walls with barbed wires and heavy SS guards. They also control every move of the Jews in the ghetto, ultimately they can eat, so many of the ghetto prisoners get sick and starve to death every month, add to that the SS's relentless torture of Jews there and forced labor. theirs. July 1942 when more than 250,000 Jews living in the Warsaw Ghetto were exiled to the Treblinka extermination camp in the eastern part of Poland. During the uprising, more than 60,000 Polish Jews were left in the Warsaw Ghetto, some of whom were already planning an uprising and secretly receiving guns and other weapons from Polish guerrillas. . The Warsaw Ghetto is the largest Jewish ghetto in Poland.

The Jewish uprising lasted until 16 May, in which inexplicable violence and desecration of life prevailed, and the Nazis ended the rebellion there when they blew up the largest synagogue or church of the Jews in Warsaw.

As many as 7,000 armed Jews were killed by the Nazis, while Jews not included in the massacre were deported to concentration camps by train. The uprising failed, but it inspired other ghettos in Poland to strike against Nazi tyranny. A few months later, the Jews revolted in Treblinka.

Why History?

What is the significance of our study of history? Does it affect our lives today? The truth is that there is. It is important to know the history of our past so that we can understand what will happen in the present. We can also learn the difference between then and now by comparing events. Take for example people, places, and equipment or things. Back then, people did not know much about what was going on in the world. It's just like what the real shape of the world is, why are there events that are mysterious to them that are only natural. People back then gave meaning to the things that were happening around them.

Perhaps also out of their curiosity, they discover objects or equipment that help them to make their lives easier. It can also be considered an ancient technology. Just like today, people now know a lot when it comes to technology. Using computers, cellphones, or high-tech things. I guess all the work is now using technology. You used to just walk or ride animals used for transportation, but now there are vehicles. You can pay for its service, and if you are able or rich, you can buy your own.

They are just one of the importance of why we need to know history.

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