Clubfoot

Also known as talipes, this is a congenital deformity of the joints of one or both feet which prevents standing with the sole flat on the ground. The foot may be twisted either inwards, upwards, up or down at the ankle. All new-born babies are examined to see whether any such deformity exists. If treatment by manipulation or splinting is started when a baby is just a day or two old, the deformity can usually be completely corrected. If, however, the condition persists, treatment involves further manipulation, a plaster cast to support and hold the foot in the correct position, exercises to strengthen muscles and tendons and, perhaps, specially fitted shoes. More severe cases may require orthopaedic surgery.