Artvin City
Artvin, located in the east of Turkey's Black Sea Region, has borders to both Georgia and the Black Sea. The neighbors of Artvin, which consists of 7 districts in total, excluding the center, are Ardahan, Erzurum and Rize. With an area of 7,436 square kilometers, it is the 55th province of Turkey in terms of surface area.
Geographically, 55% of the area is forested and has a very rough terrain. The population of Artvin, which has copper mines, consists of Laz, Kipchak Turks and Georgians. As a stream, the Coruh River has an important place. In addition, Karagöl Sahara National Park, which includes Şavşat Karagöl and Borcka Karagöl, is an important place to see. Camili village, which is the center of the old sub-district of Borcka district of Artvin province and the central village of this sub-district, is the only region in Turkey designated as a biosphere reserve area by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and a world heritage site.
Artvin History
A History Dating Back to the Polished Stone Age
With the discovery of copper and bronze-made tools found in Yusufeli and Şavşat, BC. 3000 and BC It is seen that people lived in Artvin between 4000 BC. However, due to the geographical structure of Artvin and its distance from research centers, ancient excavations started very late. The traces of the Neolithic Age were found in Artvin with the making of ancient studies. Buddha shows that People lived in this region for 10,000 years.
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First States Established in Artvin
The first known tribe BC. It is a tribe of Hurrians, which was founded in 2000. Then BC. Artvin, which came under the rule of the Hittites in 1360, was later captured by the Scythians. The Scythians turned Artvin, which they used as a military base, into a Caucasian-centered region. After the Scythians, this time it came under the rule of the Arsacids. M.S. The people of Artvin, which continued until 350 BC and remained under the influence of the Shamanist religion due to the Arsacids, accepted the Isevi religion after this date under the influence of Byzantium. Artvin province, which came under the rule of Byzantium afterward, In 575, it passed into the hands of the Khazar Turks. The Khazar Turks had dominated Artvin only up to the Coruh tribes. However, with the arrival of the Ottoman Empire, most of the Artvin region was included in the Ottoman lands. After the Byzantines took back Artvin, which it had lost to the Ottomans, it was given to Alparslan once, but he took it back again with the death of Alparslan. But this time, with the support of Melikşah, the Saltuklu state was established in Erzurum / Kars / Bayburt and Çoruh regions. The spread of the Turkish population to Artvin accelerated. After the collapse of the Great Seljuk State, Artvin was connected to the Azerbaijan-centered İldeniz son Atabeylik. In 1263, Kubilay captured Artvin and added this region to the Ilkhanid lands. Sark, who was a Kipchak Turk in 1265, founded the Çıldır Atabeylik in this region.
Artvin in the Ottoman Period
Ottoman Sovereignty, which started during the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim, was completed by the conquest of Ardanuç Castle, which was the capital of Atabeks, in 1551 by İskender Pasha, one of the Erzurum Beys during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Hopa and Borcka in the Ottoman period; To Trabzon, Artvin, Ardanuç and Yusufeli; It was administered under the Province of Çıldır, the center of which is Ahıska. When Çıldır was lost as a result of the defeat of the Ottomans to the Russians in 1828, the units affiliated to this place were included in the Erzurum Province. As a result of the 1877-1878 War, in accordance with the Ayastafanos Agreement signed on March 3, 1878, Artvin, Ardanuç, Borcka, Şavşat and Kemalpaşa subdivisions of Hopa were left to the Russians as war compensation. In accordance with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed on March 3, 1918, the Russians withdrew from the territory of Artvin. Although there were temporary occupations of the British and Georgians after him, Artvin gained the Motherland on February 23, 1921, as a result of the attempts of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. This situation became certain with the Moscow Treaty signed on March 16, 1921.
Artvin in the Republican Era
In 1924, when the sanjaks were transformed into provinces, Artvin became a province as well. However, Artvin province was abolished on 1 June 1933 and this place was connected to Çoruh province, whose center was Rize, as a district center. This situation lasted for 3 years. Artvin became the center of the newly established Çoruh province on January 4, 1936. In 1956, the name Çoruh was abolished and the name of the province was changed to Artvin.
How did Artvin get its name?
Artvin province takes its name from the city of Artvin in its center. According to a belief, it was named after one of the Scythian lords, first Artvani, then Artvini during the Ottoman period. The previous name of the province was Çoruh and it became Artvin with the law no. 6668 dated February 15, 1956.