Little jane doe sad and horrific story base on true events
Warning: this is a particularly horrific murder of a child. Skip this article if cases involving children
The St. Louis Jane Doe is an unidentified girl who was found murdered on February 28, 1983 in St. Louis, Missouri. She has also been nicknamed "Hope" and the "Little Jane Doe." The victim was estimated to be between eight and eleven when she was murdered, and is believed to have been killed by strangulation. She had also been raped before her murder, with her body then decapitated. The brutality of the crime has led to national attention. The head of the Jane Doe has never been located, preventing dental examination and the possibility of a traditional facial reconstruction.
• Discovery •
The headless body of an African-American child was found on the afternoon of February 28, 1983 in St. Louis, Missouri. She was believed to have been strangled three to five days earlier before her decapitated body was disposed of in the basement of an abandoned house. Her remains were found by two looters after one lit a cigarette that created enough light to expose the body. Her body was naked save for a yellow sweater, and was left on her stomach, with her hands bound behind her back with red and white nylon rope.
The victim was initially believed to have been a prostitute until police had moved her body and discovered she did not have developed breasts, indicating she had not gone through puberty. Further examination was conducted within the next week.
• Examination •
It was concluded that the victim was not killed at the location where she was discovered, as no traces of blood were found by the body. The girl was also bound at the wrists with a red nylon cord and lying face down. Her head had been severed cleanly by a large blade, possibly a carving knife. She was between eight and eleven and was prepubescent, but had been raped. She wore only a yellow, long sleeved V-Neck sweater and two layers of pink and purple nail polish. Her head has never been found, but the fingerprints, footprints and DNA information have been collected. Because there were no distinct marks or deformities on her body, except for spina bifida occulta, it is unlikely that she would be identified. Four missing girls have been ruled out as the victim, as well as the Northampton County Jane Doe from North Carolina, who was ruled out to be the remaining parts of the body. She was approximately 4'10" to 5'6" tall when she was alive, which is considered tall for that age. After ten months her burial took place in December 1983.
• Investigation •
Authorities decided to exhume the body in 2013 in order to gather more forensic information about the victim. The remains had been misplaced, along with many other bodies in the Washington Park Cemetery, due to the negligence of cemetery records and were not found until mid June. The remains were located by using camera calibration techniques to determine precisely where a photograph of the casket had been taken on the day of the burial. After tests on samples of her bones were concluded, the victim is believed to have spent a large portion of her life in the Midwestern and Northeastern states, or perhaps West Virginia.
Her sweater had previously been sent to a psychic in Florida but was never returned, presumably lost in the mail. She was also presumed to have been a victim of Vernon Brown, who had murdered young girls in a similar manner. Brown was executed in 2005 and never confessed to murdering the Jane Doe, despite efforts made by investigators.
Your Advise for this week
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19):
Do not argue about something that you know will benefit you in the end. A change in the home can help to improve your relationship with your family members. Persevere to finish the project you have started. If done directly and in detail, you will get what you want to achieve. There is an opportunity to come if you are determined in all directions. Expect money to be received. There is a romantic opportunity to come this week.
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18):
Calm down, review the situation and rearrange plans. Do not leave the plan to others. Use a connection to fulfill the wish. Don't spend money just because you are in debt. Self-improvement made with regard to finances is stress reduction. Do the work yourself and eliminate unnecessary expenses. Do not just believe others who plan to destroy their own hard work. Lead your own life. Do not let the situation get angry. Respond to what needs to be done and not what is around. Clean up the problem with government agencies, institutions or past mistakes to move forward without an anomaly.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20):
Embrace initiated change and programs that encourage self-improvement, and discover ways to make life easier. Good results await if you are faithful in your love, your emotions and your money. Don't go for less that your full potential. If you do not like what you have heard, speak up and say what you think. Stay away from awkward situations. It can be a good position towards opportunity. Discipline will yield good results. Focus on how to finish things. Romance is needed!
ARIES (March 21-April 19):
Don't just start something you can't finish. The argument will just leave you unsure, wait to be put in the right position desired. Turn energy into exercise and healing. Make secret plans to avoid trouble. Give more time to relationships with friends and relatives. Practice your cooking skills or take a course that will improve your self-esteem. There is uncertainty regarding work, home and finances. Relax first to better plan. Make way for more meaningful relationships. Keep the peace.
TAURUS (April 20-May 20):
Just follow the plans and look forward to these ideas and opportunities. Take a close look at each strategy. Someone wants to manipulate their own plan and deceive when they are too open to their own idea. Do not waste time on what others think. Be true to yourself, to what you believe with all your heart. Let the imagination help expand the expected object. Make a plan towards the desired. Romance will make life easier.
GEMINI (May 21-June 20):
Take care of your own business. When responsibility is neglected you will receive criticism and embarrassment Discipline is the key to proper work without mixed fears. Make yourself private to avoid any argument. Changing the home will also provide benefits at the right time. Look for opportunities. The past will provide insight into personal interest. Before agreeing, study the details first. Do not be deceived into believing in a relationship.
CANCER (June 21-July 22):
Make a change in the plan to get closer to the person you love. Grabbing an unusual path will lead to a wider imagination and will encourage innovative personal and professional ideas. The false news is caused by uncertainty. Question everything. When the facts and details are in the right place it is safer to move than planned. Emotions will prevail when disagreeing with someone close. The change itself will not be contrary to the wishes of the other person involved to avoid trouble. It takes compromise and romance.
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22):
Give time for the desired change and there may be trouble in making an immediate decision. The more time it takes to fix the detail, the better the results are waiting. Someone wants to offer help although know the purpose first before accepting it. It will be a surprise to see the change made by others. Observe things and do not simply agree to the offer. Exercise and make the relationship meaningful.
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22):
Life experiences can serve as a guide for you to correct things to improve. Maintain good communication with friends and relatives to avoid misunderstandings. Show personal interest and stay in place. Be consistent at work. Do not let others belittle you. Stand on your own two feet. Use social media correctly to express how you feel. It takes a romantic relationship with a partner.
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22):
Organize documents. Make positive changes to your home or financial plan to avoid unexpected expenses. Keep leading responsibilities to avoid stress and criticism. Perspectives will change depending on what you want in life. Learn from experiences and keep the peace. Emotions will prevail when you disagree with the person close to you. First distance yourself from a situation that is of no benefit.
SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21):
Share your own issue with a friend, relative or loved one to resolve it. The change made in the relationship will encourage you to take the lead. Romance will make life easier. Question the uncertainties. Choose people to share personal information about health and money. Listen carefully and make adjustments to the desired. Avoid unnecessary expenses and emotional situations. Share your own opinion. Make it clear to the person who wants to block their own plan that they are focusing on their own life. More can be achieved when leading and implementing one's own strategy.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21):
Finish what you started and avoid any misunderstandings. Do not let the change made by others affect you. Focus on home, family and keep things to work. Make a physical change in health. Do not risk something and avoid fraudulent situations. Respond at home and spend time with loved ones. Do not worry about personal change. Maintain contact regarding money, medical and legal matters. Do not trust lightly. Research to avoid danger. Do not relate the past to the future although do make it a lesson.
Horoscope 09/27/20 to 10/04/20
*****CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19):*****
Do not depend on others for the truth. Only research and retrieve projects with back self-support. There will be opportunities for financial gain. Consider things before making a new decision. Ask first. Also find out the consequences first and avoid future conflicts. If you want change, start it at home first which will give life easier. Do things that are meaningful and discover information to make the right decisions in the future.
*****AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18):*****
Wait for the right opportunity to make the change. When all of a sudden things just fall apart. Do everything you can to get better. Think of what makes you happy and the consequences are good. The relationship will give fun and help achieve the dream. If the plans are to continue, it is best to arrange the documents first. Do not miss opportunities. Romance will prevail and the making of a strange plan with the loved one will be further strengthened by the organization. Personal well-being is required.
*****PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20):*****
Do things that will change. Dealing with other people's self will relate to how to carry out the work. Hide feelings, secrets and self-opinions. Work hard and show good results. Reconnect with the person involved in the success towards new ideas. Great job opportunities are coming soon. Be calm in conversation. Don't just make decisions based on what you hear. Consider your own approach and do what is right.
*****ARIES (March 21-April 19):*****
Pay close attention to the financial situation to avoid debt. Turn time and energy into things that are meaningful. An argument will only cause restrictions. Focus first on personal growth and physical change towards good health. Be romantic. Use common sense and do not let emotions dominate. Be true to the desire and time to fulfill the promise. Do not hurry. Take a deep breath and consider the long-term results.
*****TAURUS (April 20-May 20):*****
Self-regulation strategy is required, whether personal or physical. Skipping or not preparing things will result in failure. Invest time and money in personal growth, physical fitness and where you can be happy. Romantic dealings can help you decide what is right for you. It will be comfortable to interact with people who also share their own beliefs and interests. Do not allow yourself to be emotionally distracted by things. Clean up clutter at work and just get on with life.
*****GEMINI (May 21-June 20):*****
Just take the side of the truth. When you cheat, it is possible that someone has corrected your mistake so that you can learn in life. Do not leave work idle. Home change can motivate yourself to start a home-based business. Slow down first. Calm down and follow the regulation and you may just fail with complaints and criticism. Be polite and get the desired answer. Romantic action will help make the right decision.
*****CANCER (June 21-July 22):*****
Be creative. Use imagination and get a plan that can change your own perspective. Always strive for a better lifestyle and a healthier body. Work problems will prevail when the truth is not known. Anger will only result in financial failure. Think first about what to say. There will be many ways. When in doubt choose not to make a change. Being aggressive only leads to chaos. Don't be expensive. Keep the peace.
*****LEO (July 23-Aug. 22):*****
Just go on with life. Being calm will help you achieve what you want without much hindrance. When left unmanaged, they can be left astray and lose the right path. Give yourself time to important people. Share plans and organize the home into a happier family organization. Debating over things that can no longer be changed will only leave you frustrated. Do the right thing and do not look back. Charisma can help in a smoother future. Let the loved one know how important they are. It will make life easier.
*****VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22):*****
The decision awaited will be emotionally faced. Trust your own instincts and just pursue the plan. An unexpected opportunity will change one's life. Focus on health and money. Block people who want to mess with plans. Set goals and just continue what you started. May experience sadness due to uncertainty. It is better if the goal is for oneself. Take action and do what is right. Someone or something in the past can remind you of what not to do. Do not repeat the mistake made.
*****LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22):*****
Emphasize self-care and physical health. Avoid persuading other people for your own sake. The goal will be more successful if it is worked alone. Give help to someone who wants to repay their own good. And easier to achieve desired. Romance will prevail and it will bring the loved one closer. It can be emotional though before going into the argument ah consider the consequences of them. Think about what to do first. Make a change. Being open to everyone leads to a better opportunity to organize each plan.
*****SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21):*****
Being observant can help to avoid awkward situations. Change is in itself in how it is corrected. Consider things on how to live well and how to earn more. Use imagination and be smarter towards more lucrative income. Be open to new things and learn more. It takes a little adjusting if you want to partner in life. Emotions will prevail in a dangerous situation. Just be calm and carry them safely so as not to be in more danger.
*****SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21):*****
Don't just keep secrets and they may just be in a bad position. Just be honest and question people who are against the word. Create self-healing. Intelligence and health come first. The hard work that is done leads to better results. The change regarding how to live the dominant. Find out what the culprit is to know where to place and what to avoid. Set aside emotions and respond to a good and healthy lifestyle.
Horoscope 09/20/20 t0 09/27/20
https://read.cash/@clairvoyant/know-your-luck-horoscope-for-this-week-8eba4d7d
Know your LUCK Horoscope for this week
*****CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19):*****
More opportunities will come unexpectedly. But when they are set aside, everything is wasted. And there are rumors that are bad for both. Be busy in the coming days. Turn time into more information to help with what is really going on around.
Having the opportunity to learn what to do will determine the measure of success. There will be a better position to communicate with others regarding what is planned. It looks like a good personal and financial condition. Take a deep breath and evaluate the consequences of a plan before making the next move.
*****AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18):*****
There is something intriguing about the future. Before taking action, do your owphotos by askastrology.comn work and find out the truth. Personal or physical changes may be made but consider the consequences. Be smart about the value of everything especially when it is not necessary. Base experience on how to lead a relationship. It is better to maintain fairness in all things to avoid disappointment. Take a good look at investments and make changes to them. Arrange contracts and documents before they expire. Be alert about partnerships and important things.
*****PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20):*****
Opportunity will prevail when you reunite with the person you have been with in the past. Old ideas come to mind again and there are unexpected things that can be reused. Use energy in whatever you do. Do not let emotion lead to success. Work with someone who truly supports. Respond to love, relationships and eliminate issues that may hinder the dream.
*****ARIES (March 21-April 19):*****
It can feel refreshing to socialize although it is better to calm down first and relax. Maintain peace and focus on personal lift and health. The change that will take place at work will leave anxiety. Do not let emotion dominate your decision-making. Think first if necessary. Consider your own plans. Use charisma to achieve what you want. Keep an open mind and do not simply believe the plans of others that are impossible to happen.
*****TAURUS (April 20-May 20):*****
Think carefully before accepting the challenge. The sudden decision is only towards uncertainty. Do not consider health and emotional personality. There is a challenge to come. Focus and do the right thing at work. And make sure that people who want to deceive you can do nothing. There is a new opportunity to come. Give suggestions and it will definitely give attention and help towards the desired. The offer that can be accepted does not look good. It will be emotional because of misinformation. Write down what you want to happen. And you might just be afraid of the things you promised.
*****GEMINI (May 21-June 20):*****
Can be excited about the change to come. But before you start, consider your own motive for taking action. Be smart about health, love and socializing. Make adjustments at home to make living a simple life. Make peace a priority. It would be emotional to do something when not being honest with someone close to you. If you want to gain respect be true to what you want to explain why. Lead the things that started and finish them. Love will prevail. And the personal plan must begin.
*****CANCER (June 21-July 22):*****
If you want to share your feelings, choose each word carefully. Leaving a wrong impression on a person only leads to more serious trouble than anticipating it. Limit every move. Respond to how to do better for yourself. Use charisma and talent to flatter people and make them see who they really are. You can make a difference when working with someone who is the same as your own. Being emotional about things only leads to a weak position. Just be calm and avoid getting angry suddenly. Respond to personal adjustment not to change others.
*****LEO (July 23-Aug. 22):*****
Take care of situations that affect your own reputation, documents or health. Varying decisions will result in failure. Meditate as needed before proceeding. Find people close to life and consider things that need to be fixed. The change that others will make will signal who is truly in what is not. Do what you have to do. Map-personal or professional change, it is up to you how to do it.
*****VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22):*****
Do your best to help others even if you are not able to affect yourself. The argument will prevail in a situation that needs to be controlled. Weigh the consequences of the matter before taking action. Personal adjustment, education and exercise are required. Adapt but take care of health and personality. The self will be in a stable position to achieve the desired. Take the initiative, lay out the plan for change. Forget the past. When the issue is too serious, it can only hinder the achievement of the desired personal, professional and financial aspects.
*****LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22):*****
Review ideas, plans and motives. It is necessary to understand each move before it can be acted upon. It is possible to get attention but before sharing all the information about the plan, listen to what others have to say. Partnership today is not a good idea. Revisit the money, contracts and grievances regarding the local situation. Disruption is a long process but needs to be taken care of. Do not allow yourself to be emotionally distracted. It only leads to disappointment when the promise is fulfilled. Diplomacy is required.
*****SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21):*****
Listen and learn from life. Informative information helps to determine the next move towards positive change. It requires a modern deal. The value of relationships with life and work partners is even more important. Do the right thing to avoid emotional distress. Trust rather than doubt will apply. Be creative and definitely make a plan that can give life positive. Knowledge is powerful. Learn as much as you can and share positive change. Keep secrets. It is better to know only a little about your personal life.
*****SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21):*****
The past can help with what the next step is. Interact with different people and gather information based on what to do. Pay attention to financial, legal and health. Let intelligence work for itself to carry out the plan towards a better life. There is a problem to be faced when emotionally dominated and when listening to someone manipulating something that should not be done. Take care of your own life and do what is best for you.
https://read.cash/@clairvoyant/horoscope-092720-to-100420-6059086a
points freeze
How to court a girl
I got my big problem especially now with this pandemic, I'm head over heels with her and i want to make her mine. but i don't have any idea how to do so. Please help me my co writers, I know I id my best but its not enough to prove my love for her, I'm losing my mind.
The worst thing I did was to go out of my comfort zone to accommodate what I think this person is interested in. I showed my true ME but still nothing, maybe because I'm outdated and overrated, i feel like her friends stereotyped me as not the cool kid or maybe I'm just a loser who can't do what he wants to become, well I'm a nice Man as far as i know.
I know not all the girls are the same but i can't help to know if he likes me to or not.
Help me out guys and girls I'm losing my spirit to pursue my love for here any advise please.
I'm such a hopeless romantic guy ever since.
Is Kyrie Irving new member???
BCH Introduction,
BCH was created way back 2017, and way back 2018 Bitcoin cash was splited into two cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin SV)
There are two factions in Bitcoin supporters.
1. The Bitcoin Cash faction
2.Bitcoin-supporting faction
Lets elaborate.
The Bitcoin Cash faction
**-**The Bitcoin Cash faction favors the use of its currency as a medium of exchange for commerce.
-The BCH faction calls it "it is the pure form of Bitcoin"
The Bitcoin-supporting faction
-Bitcoin's primary use as that of a store of value
-The bitcoin supporting block calls BCH cryptocurency as "Bcash", "Btrash", or "a scam".
Split in BCH
On 15 November 2018, a hard fork chain split of Bitcoin Cash occurred between two rival factions called Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin SV "a civil war against two competing competing bitcoin cash camps.
Racism, Photos with thousands of words
CTTO
Movies That Will Traumatize Your Life. 6 was banned in 25 countries
1. Inside (2007)
Possibly one of the best horror films of the 2000s: blood great, great performances and great direction. But the most interesting is its disturbing history. A pregnant woman decides to spend Christmas alone at home in memory of her husband, who recently died in car accident. Everything seems normal until a stranger dressed in black appears at home with only one goal: steal your baby. Armed with a pair of scissors, this woman will do the impossible to fulfill her mission. Really a movie that is not easy to see.Possibly one of the best horror films of the 2000s: blood great, great performances and great direction. But the most interesting is its disturbing history. A pregnant woman decides to spend Christmas alone at home in memory of her husband, who recently died in car accident. Everything seems normal until a stranger dressed in black appears at home with only one goal: steal your baby. Armed with a pair of scissors, this woman will do the impossible to fulfill her mission. Really a movie that is not easy to see.
2. Salo, or the 120 days in Sodom (1975)
It is a film so disturbing that is rumored that its director, the italian Pier Paolo Passolini, was killed by the government for doing it. Based on the book by El Marques de Sade, the film delivers everything that could be expected from it and more. There is no taboo that is not shown on the screen.
3. Antichrist (2009)
It's not the kind of movie you want to see before you sleep or when you're eating, or more than once. With scenes of real sex, death of babies, mutilations of genitals and a strange fox that speaks, Lars Von Triers bring us a work full of images that will be in our worst nightmares.
4. Neon Demon (2016)
This tape is full of beautiful images but very, very disturbing. A young girl goes to Los Angeles pursuing her dream of being a model. Sadly she discovers a world full of violence, pedophilia, cannibalism and even necrophilia. People vomited in the movie theater when it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival.
5. Martyrs (2008)
French director Pascual Laugier managed to merge two films into one ang neither of them is for the weak. Before becoming bloody movie of revenge. It puts the concept of the martyrs of religion on its head.
6. A Serbian Film (2010)
An exploitation film that takes all perversions to another level. A former porn star is hired (forced) to go out in a final movie and will be forced to participate in events that will put his health at risk. We can not talk about exactly what happens in the film, but it was banned in more than 25 countries because of its sick and disturbing images. Some experts in psychology recommend never see this movie, it could cause trauma and in worst case, psychosis.
7. Requiem for a Dream (2000)
It is one of those films that do not age and that continue to have the same effect over time. Darren Aronofsky brings us a tape that reflects in the most crude way the addiction to drugs and its terrible consequences. It really puts things in perspective for some people.
8. Incendies (2010)
At the same time the least controversial tape on this list. It does not show great scenes of violence, but it does show the horrors of war in the Middle East. It take us by the hand to discover a terrible family secret that will simply impress all the spectators. Do not see her with mom.
9. Irreversible (2002)
It is an experimental film told backwards, with scenes of high physical violence using fire extinguishers. The most disturbing one involves the actress Monica Belluci like you've never seen her before, and believe us you will not enjoy it at all.
10. Funny Games (1997 and 2007)
The film was so extreme that only the director could do it again in its "American" version. An ordinary family is visited by a couple of crazy people who torture them and go very dark places. Even something happens in the middle of the film that plays with mind of the spectator, killing all hope of a happy ending. Either version is recommended, but the original is unsurpassed.
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New World Order
Are you familiar with the New World Order ??? New World Order where they aim to reduce the human population of the world by 90% through war and epidemics just like creating different types of viruses for example.
-Ebola, H1N1, Bird Flue, Zika Virus, SARS, AIDS,COVID and others. They do this to facilitate their Depopulation. Because they want to create a modern world where they plan to control the survivors or the rest of the people and have One Religion, one government and one currency. By the way, do you know that North Korea is developing a type of virus called Necro Mortosis (just click the link for more info)
(http://www.zombieworldnews.com/…/wor…/wha_necro_mortosis.htm) While America has something called FLAKKA DRUG. (http://www.independent.co.uk/…/flakka-what-is-it-florida-fa…) So there is a real possibility of a so-called Zombie Apocalypse. It's just an intro
The people behind the New World Order are none other than the Rothschild, the Rockfeller foundation, the Belderberg group and so on. If you ask how do they secretly make the world obey ?? Is this because you are familiar with the so-called Federal Reserve or the Federal Banking Sytem where they will lend until a country sinks and they own it or they can access or become this remote country, I will give you an example when the typhoon Yolanda in our country is not the donation we received from America and especially in the European Country, so we had a so-called DEBT to them in return for their help so we will give them the right to benefit from our country. Isn't that how they feel ..
By the way, I have a gossip about you, you know if you know the movie TITANIC, isn't that based on real life? Malaysian Airline said six of the passengers of that plane were still opposed to the so-called federal reserve so it suddenly disappeared and the same thing happened in the 9/11 incident but it was just a rumor by the killuminati priest hehe he likes the so-called CONSPIRACY THEORY .
Another of their strategies is to use subliminal message where using movies or cartoons they show what is possible to happen so that people can easily accept what will happen, for example, the 9/11 incident and the victory of trump, isn't it? There are a lot of cartoons scattered where the twin towers are shown smoking but no one cares because it is just cartoons or movies and the so-called RFID microchip that looks like a kingsman movie where when you have it they can know your movements isn't it amazing.
Ok now, have you not read above that they plan to have one religion, one government, and one currency? Let us first list them first in one religion using what they call the Project Blue beam where NASA will show a fake image of Jesus. Christ in heaven. Remember nyu those who went viral in China those who said a city appeared in their sky on October 20 2015 that is the ability of PBB or the Project Blue Beam to make a mirage that will deceive humanity as they did in China they will do the same in the image of JESUS KUNO ..
We know that Jesus is not the image we see if not CESARE BORGIA son of Pope Alexander the VI. Now we are going to One Currency again through what they call RFID Microchip you can get gas even if you don't have two money they just scan you you can get gas because the time will come when the money will lose value it will be replaced Australia is called RFID Microchip the first country to use that chip.
RFID microchip link
( http://www.globalresearch.ca/australia-becomes-firs…/5549286)
We will go to the so-called One Government back to the chips now the money has no value the chips will only be used the ones above can possibly control you with the chips they can know what you are doing and if they think you have nothing to do with That society is the time when they will kill you like in a movie only tournament, isn't it because there seems to be a self destruct chip where when it is activated, you will just explode or you can also have a coma for life. By the way, before I forget when there is a depopulation, the elite people are already in the safety place or like the ones mentioned above because they are doing a bunker where they can live for ten years like in a movie that has a deep impact if where a large meteor will hit the earth and then only select the people who can enter there.
Hanamichi Sakuragi is true?
Hanamichi Sakuragi was born in 1968 in a family of the common working class. His mother passed away when he was very young, without the love of his mother he use the violence (out-on-the-street fights) to resolve his problems. As a young boy he was very tall at the age of 12 average 1.75 mts, and his body began to acquire force and a lot of resistance through his fights. Once he had a fight with the students in the sports zone of the University of Tokyo ; his abilities to fight, velocity and to and phycality they attracted the coach of the basketball team, and offered him to join the team.
In a party of practice, at the age of 17, against the National Team of Japan, Hanamichi of 1.89 mts, was the unique one that was not frightened by the professionals and noted 33 points alone: 10 shots, 3 nailed, 1 triple, 1 shot that did not find the terminology to explain, and 2 free shots.
Although its team lost with only 59 points (59 – 115), had been an excellent first game for Hanamichi. Basketball was in chaos, and he was named “The Hope of the Japanese Basketball”. Nevertheless, its father fell sick a year later. Hanamichi went of return to Tokyo , and this trip would cost him all. He descended of the bus in Tokyo and he was on the verge of crossing the street across the hospital when a car that went very fast hit him . Although he had the “body of steel”, the impact simply was too strong. He collapsed, they carried him to the hospital. Unfortunately it was too late… before they sent him to the operating room died from internal hemorrhage, only with 18 years of age.
The World of the Japanese Basketball was completely destroyed, they called this loss “Colossal”. The mangaca Takehiko Inoue created its series” Slam Dunk” based on the history of this youth.
creeeeepy photos
LIKE
Hampton court ghost
This disturbing image was found via security cameras when guards were alerted of an open door in Hampton Court. They checked the area thoroughly but found no one. They could not explain why the alarm sounded despite the sealed and bolted doors. But for sure they have this as an evidence.
The falling body
The photo was taken when the Cooper’s move into their new Texas home. A family seated together posed for the camera. They were surprised to see the picture showing a body falling from the ceiling. It was not certain if this is real, but it sure is creepy.
The Madonna with Saint Giovannino and a UFO
This painting was created by Domenico Ghirlandaio in the 15th Century. This is called “The Madonna with Saint Giovannino” and is part of the collection of Loeser in Palazzo Vecchio. The disk shaped object above Mary’s right shoulder is very visible. There is also a man and a dog looking up at the object
The Skunk Ape
This image of a skunk ape was mailed anonymously to the Sarasota County Florida Sheriff’s Department in year 2000. The woman who sent stated that she took the photo in her backyard. She thought that the figure was an orangutan who escaped. It was then labelled as Skunk Ape by Bigfoot enthusiasts.
Cube of Space: Ari-Gra Lurianic Cube
Sepher Yetsira Index
It was the Kabbalists themselves who preserved the correct text, initially concealing it from outsiders. Around 1550, Rabbi Moshe Cordvero, leader of the Safed school and the greatest Kabbalist of the day, sifted through the ten best manuscripts available, choosing the one most closely fitting the tradition of the Kabbalists. A generation later, the text was further refined by the Ari (Rabbi Yitzchak Luria), one of the greatest Kabbalists of all time. This text, known as the Ari Version, was published a number of time, usually as part of some other collection. It resembles the Short Version in many ways, but there are some very significant differences in assignment. In general, the Ari Version is the only one which is in agreement with the Zohar.
Aryeh Kaplan, Sefer Yetzirah, Aronson, 1995 p. xxv
Kaplan is not alone in considering the Ari-Gra versions of the Sepher Yetsira and Cube of Space to be the "correct" ones, even though they represent radical departures both from the 9th and 10th century "canonical" recensions ("The differences of reading between the three recensions are not as many as is generally assumed. Ithamar Gruenwald, "A Preliminary Critical Edition of Sepher Yetzirah" and Planetary Attributions in the SY), as well as ancient and classical understanding of the heavenly spheres and planetary order. The classical order of the spheres begins with Bayt forming Shabatai/Saturn and ends with Tav forming Lavanah/Moon. The Ari-Gra version begins with Bayt forming Lavanah and ends with Tav forming Tsedeq/Jupiter.
In the absence of other justifications, a few structural observations can be made. In regard to zodiacal placements, the Lurianic Cube simplifies the structure of opposing signs by placing all the cardinal signs at the top, all the fixed signs on the verticals and all the mutable signs on the bottom of the cube. In regard to planetary placments, the Tzadik ("Faith of the Righteous One") is found at the center and none of the binomials correspond to early versions of the Sepher Yetzirah or classical cosmology (where the planets are paired: Saturn-Jupiter, Mars-Sun, Venus-Mercury, Moon).
This construction appears to be yet another arbitrary formalism instituted by commentators (in this case the 18th century Gaon of Vilna) who had long since lost the connection with the underlying interrelated structures they are attempting to describe. See Sephirotic Systems in the Sepher Yetsira and Post-Zohar Kabbalah. The position of Tsedeq here is as suggestive of special interests as Mercury in the Golden Dawn system.
Crowley Aleister - The Book of Thoth
The Book of Thoth: A Short Essay on the Tarot of the Egyptians is the title of The Equinox, volume III, number 5, by English author and occultist Aleister Crowley. The book is recorded in the vernal equinox of 1944 (an Ixviii Sol in 0° 0' 0" Aries, March 21, 1944 e. v. 5:29 p.m.) and was originally published in an edition limited to 200 numbered and signed copies.
This book describes the philosophy and the use of Aleister Crowley's Thoth Tarot, a deck of Tarot cards designed by Crowley and co-designed and painted by Lady Frieda Harris. The Thoth Tarot has become one of the best-selling and most popular Tarot Decks in the world.
The original 200-volume signed limited edition was bound in Morocco leather and printed on pre-wartime paper. Crowley sold ₤1,500 worth of the edition (equal to £57,540 in 2013) in less than three months.
pdf file on hand
Codex Borgia
Today, common knowledge of pre-Columbian American religions is usually limited to ideas like human sacrifice and rumors about the end of the world in 2012. However, scholars are starting to learn more about a variety of interesting religions that were practiced on the American continent. A key text in this study is the Codex Borgia, a Mesoamerican religious manuscript discovered during the Spanish conquest of the Americas.Due to problems with deciphering parts of the codex, there is an ongoing debate about the origin of the Codex Borgia and similar manuscripts. All we know is that they are from Mesoamerica and detail a variety of calendars and religious observances for adherents.Much of the codex focuses on astronomy and divining the will of god from the stars. However, it also details many aspects of religious life, including various festivals as well as different gods and their relationships to humanity. The text even tells followers how to decide if their marriage will be a good one.Interestingly, the codex provides keys to seeing the signs of the gods in everyday life. Like other ancient religious texts, scholars are still trying to more fully understand the Codex Borgia.
yazidi black book
https://read.cash/@clairvoyant/yazidi-black-book-5e8e4a17
Yazidi Black Book
The Yazidis are a small religious and ethnic group in the Middle East. They are most prominent in Iraq. For years, the Yazidis have endured persecution from Islamic governments because their religion is often seen as a form of devil worship.The Yazidi religion is not well-known and has some problems when it comes to religious texts. Followers venerate two books, the Black Book and the Book of Revelation.The Black Book acts as a codification of the religion that describes Yazidi religious beliefs and traditions. The first part gives an account of the Yazidi creation myth, which begins with the creation of a white pearl and the peacock angel Tawsi Melek.After that, the book seems similar to Islamic accounts of the ancient world but diverges into a discussion of the ancient Yazidi kings. Throughout the book, the Yazidis learn religious practices like the five daily prayers as well as how to avoid sins against the Earth.Even today, most Muslims do not trust the Yazidis. Although some Yazidi religious practices found in the Black Book are similar to Islam, the book also describes a detailed caste system and includes doctrines like reincarnation. Thus, the Yazidi religion is considered a mixture of Islamic and pre-Islamic beliefs.
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Grand Grimoire (Red Dragon, Book of Satan)
https://read.cash/@clairvoyant/grand-grimoire-red-dragon-book-of-satan-f050e1f0
the mysticals book of the archangel raziel
https://read.cash/@clairvoyant/the-mystical-book-of-the-archangel-raziel-2ee7afab
The mystical book of the Archangel Raziel
the Sefer Raziel, is considered to be one of the most important books on Jewish magic.
It is also called the Book of Secrets Book or the Book of the Archangel Raziel.
The Sefer Raziel contains all the foundation knowledge, both spiritual and material. It has been one of the most reprinted mystical manuscripts besides the Sefer Yetzirah (Book of Formation).
"Each day the angel Raziel makes proclamation on Mount Horeb, from heaven, of the secrets of men to all that dwell upon the earth, and his voice resounds throughout the world." - Targum Ecclesiastes. 10, 20
The Hebrew word "Raziel" means "Secret(s) of God." Raz- means "secret" and -iel means "of God."
In English, it can be spelled several ways, such as: ratziel, razel, razeil, reziel, retziel and other combinations.
Read more about the history and background of the Book of Raziel.
Learn more about the mystical world of Kabbalah (also spelled as Qabalah) and discover more about your spiritual self.
Angel Raziel guarded The Book of Secrets
The Book Raziel HaMalach - the full title - is said to contain all of the knowledge of the Universe.
The Book of the Holy Angel Raziel explains everything from Astrology of the planets in our solar system to the creative life energy of this earth.
The magical book also deals with the issues of birth, death, reincarnation of the soul and many other spiritual subjects.
The Book of Raziel originated when G-d gave the Secret Knowledge to the Archangel Raziel. Raziel HaMalach means Secret of the King.
According to the Old Testament, the original Book of Angel Raziel - Sefer Raziel- was inscribed by Adam, the first human being. Legends also say the Book of Raziel was originally inscribed on a sapphire stone.
Another good source of background information is (link to Amazon(.)com). See Kabbalah: Selections From Classic Kabbalistic Works From Raziel Hamalach To The Present Day. https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2FAmazon.com%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3feiFp2GFibPC0OUJ3nOp4NE_Yg5H9Q9-B6V_zw_t-dIIV0pPj88grR9Q&h=AT25oaxcG-cZspV38gbS6qFWxMGv4alRIA8eTbgKYQsNswr1luDXWzU82D2tf8vs8MVbGM2jFUFVdS_Dsb20mH_x_qoKiaR5q9nF6kcuIOkaKWLg7xOD9JVNx47sIOeLjWfd&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT3CqtqEf3WMPEEhG1CWWb9kKOOmNEMF_zZk20X3CqZFzI9cVHmZLKwUTMgU0Y0qsztY4gXM6ViNiYH91papKm5uatsHFzz8m_e9jAeOsMDirogVI5Ozse11hZyrNM-aMsYlxE507lm82RMflidZyjQxvKKe7A5HBEsf0pDB6WanSWGDGxjBnKvSwCtAiUy6O6Pb8UeGP9rVEM4-
This book on Kabbalah gives excerpts from the major Kabbalistic works — the ancient texts to the recent insights of the chassidic masters — together with fascinating biographical sketches of the great Kabbalists. A short chapter covers Sefer Raziel, but the rest of the book covers the wide subject of the Kabbalah.
Another option is to download a free copy of Sefer Raziel. This is a short, public domain, version of the manuscript in English.
If unable to download a copy of the Hebrew Sefer Raziel text, Amazon(.)com has a 70 page copy of the Hebrew edition in paperback called Book Raziel Hamalach. https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2FAmazon.com%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3feiFp2GFibPC0OUJ3nOp4NE_Yg5H9Q9-B6V_zw_t-dIIV0pPj88grR9Q&h=AT25oaxcG-cZspV38gbS6qFWxMGv4alRIA8eTbgKYQsNswr1luDXWzU82D2tf8vs8MVbGM2jFUFVdS_Dsb20mH_x_qoKiaR5q9nF6kcuIOkaKWLg7xOD9JVNx47sIOeLjWfd&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT3CqtqEf3WMPEEhG1CWWb9kKOOmNEMF_zZk20X3CqZFzI9cVHmZLKwUTMgU0Y0qsztY4gXM6ViNiYH91papKm5uatsHFzz8m_e9jAeOsMDirogVI5Ozse11hZyrNM-aMsYlxE507lm82RMflidZyjQxvKKe7A5HBEsf0pDB6WanSWGDGxjBnKvSwCtAiUy6O6Pb8UeGP9rVEM4-
On the download page are instructions to find free translation tools on the Internet. You do not have to know how to read Hebrew since these web-based translators do it for you.
How to study Sefer Raziel
The information contained in the Book of Secrets is not easily revealed. Like most Qabalistic texts, there are riddles and puzzles to figure out to understand the true meaning.
When you study the book in English realize that the translation is based on the understandings of our culture and time- far removed from when the book was originally composed.
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SIGIRIYA, SRI LANKA - are there any traces of high technology?
Being one of the eight wonders of the ancient world; many continue to question the powers behind the building of Sigiriya. Was it the work of a genius mortal or was there a divine intervention as the legends hold it to be?
A legend surrounding the giant rock fortress claims that it was built initially for Kuwera, the treasurer of gods by the ‘Vishwakarma’, the engineer of gods himself.
Since 1982 Sigiriya is protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It is believed that the environment around Sigiriya has been inhabited since prehistoric times – a rock shelter to the east of Sigiriya shows evidence of occupation going back nearly five thousand years during the Mesolithic period.
Sigiriya is known to be one of the best preserved examples of ancient urban planning, showing techniques and technology far more advanced than believed possible for the time.
The city layout combines concepts of symmetry and asymmetry to intentionally interlock the man-made geometrical and natural forms of the surroundings.
Various caves surround the site, intricately painted and depicting scenes of hundreds of women, the meaning and purpose of which remains a mystery. The frescoes once covered an enormous area some 140 metres wide and 40 metres high, making it one of the largest murals in the world. More than 500 women were once depicted, some shown like celestial beings descended from above on clouds.
According to local legend, the rock citadel was created by the gods who descended from the sky and was called the “Palace in the sky”.
Proof of advance tech.
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Hollow Earth Theory Hyphothesis (Agartha)
Is it possible that there is a completely unknown civilization living beneath the surface of our planet?
Many people believe that the Hollow Earth theory is more than just a myth, and some have even tried to prove it scientifically. Even today, in the 21st century, it’s difficult to say with certainty that it does or does not exist.
For many years it was believed that the earth was hollow, but even though many have come up with theories, until 1968 there was no proof.
That year, pictures taken by a satellite orbiting Earth clearly showed a gaping hole located at the North Pole; enough evidence to support the hollow Earth theory according to many.
--Is there a hole in the North Pole?
In the early 1970’s, ESSA, a project belonging to the Department of Commerce of the United States, gave media access to images of the North Pole taken by the ESSA-7 satellite on November 23, 1968.
One of the photographs showed the North Pole covered by the usual cloud; the other one showed the same area without clouds, revealing a huge hole where the pole was supposed to be located.
The hole is so ridiculously large that it almost makes no sense, yet here it is:
Personally, I believe that the image was intentionally blackened by NASA, but what could it possibly hide?
--Vice Admiral Richard E. Byrd of the US Navy was a distinguished pioneer aviator and polar explorer who flew over the North Pole on May 9, 1926 and led numerous expeditions to Antarctica, including a flight over the South Pole on 29 November 1929.
Between 1946 and 1947, he and his team carried out a large-scale operation called “High Jump”, during which he discovered and mapped 1,390,000 km² of the Antarctic territory.
The famous Byrd expeditions first entered in dispute of the hollow Earth theories when several articles and books like Worlds beyond the Polesby Amadeo Giannini claimed that Byrd had not flown over the Pole but inwardly through large holes leading into the Earth.
--The possibility that the earth is hollow, and that it can be accessed through the North and South poles, and that secret civilizations flourish within it, has spurred the imagination of people through centuries.
Evidence of this we find in the history of countless ancient civilizations. The Babylonian hero Gilgamesh visited his ancestor Utnapishtim in the bowels of the earth.
In Greek mythology, Orpheus tries to rescue Eurydice from the underground hell. It was said that the Pharaohs of Egypt communicated with the underworld, which could be accessed via secret tunnels hidden beneath the pyramids.
Buddhists believed (and still believe) that millions of people live in Agharta, an underground paradise ruled by the king of the world.
--Leonard Euler, a mathematical genius of the eighteenth century, concluded that the Earth was hollow, containing a central sun and was inhabited.
--Dr. Edmund Halley, discoverer of Comet Halley and Royal Astronomer of England also believed that the Earth was hollow on the inside with three “Floors”.
--A map of the third Reich shows several secret passages depicted which were used by German U-Boats to access mysterious underground regions, as well as a complete map of both hemispheres and the mysterious kingdom of Agartha.
See the maps here: Nazi Maps and Documents to Agartha Confirm the Hollow Earth Accounts
--Karl Unger a crew member aboard a U-Boat commanded by Heinrich Brodda wrote letters stating that the crew had reached the interior of the Earth and that they did not consider coming back.
--In the maps made by famous cartographer and artist Heinrich C. Berann for the National Geographic Society in 1966, the Antarctic continent can be observed without its thick layer of ice.
But the most intriguing detail are the presence of underwater passages spanning across the entire continent and seem to converge at the exact location that is identified as the opening towards the Hollow Earth or Inner Earth
--The Macuxi Indians knew about the existence of the Hollow Earth nearly one hundred years ago.
The Macuxi Indians are indigenous people who live in the Amazon, in countries such as Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. According to their legends, they are the descendants of the Sun’s children, the creator of Fire and disease and the protectors of the “inner Earth.”
Their legends speak of an entrance into Earth.
Until the year 1907, the Macuxies would enter some sort of cavern, and travel from 13 to 15 days until they reached the interior. It is there, “at the other side of the world, in the inner Earth” is where the Giants live, creatures that have around 3-4 meters in height.
--Oh and… There is a huge Ocean beneath the surface of our planet.
Scientists have not long ago, discovered a large ocean of water inside the mantle of Earth, and they point out that it is a large water “tank” that could fill the oceans on Earth three times.
This incredible discovery suggests that the surface water of the planet came from within Earth, as part of a “complete water cycle on the planet” instead of the dominant theory proposed that water arrived to Earth by icy comets that passed by the planet millions of years ago.
--According to John Cleves Symmes Jr, an American officer, trader and lecturer:
"The Earth is hollow, and habitable within; containing a number of solid concentric spheres, one within the other, and that it is open at the poles 12 or 16 degrees; I pledged my life in support of this truth, and I am ready to explore the hollow, if the world will support and aid me in the undertaking.“
--Harvard Scientists: There May be an Ancient Earth Inside... Earth
A team of Harvard scientists believe the remnants of an ancient Earth, dating to the time another planet collided with ours to produce the moon, may still be lodged deep within the Earth’s mantle. How else could they explain these anomalies?
--Researchers Found Evidence of a possible 'Inner Sun' Heating Up the Planet from Inside
Planet Earth produces a heat flow of unknown origin according to scientists
According to experts, “Ghost Particles” are coming from the Earth’s center
Researchers have found, according to Geoneutrinos; around 70 percent of Earth’s heat is generated from radioactivity
Grand Grimoire (Red Dragon, Book of Satan)
-This one is based on the fact that the so-called “Grand Grimoire” exists, and it does. It is a book, also called “The Red Dragon,” and the “Gospel of Satan.” The book is real because the Roman Catholic Church officially claims ownership of it, but has never let the public glimpse it. It is fact that it was discovered in Jerusalem in 1750, in the tomb of Solomon, written in either Biblical Hebrew or Aramaic. The manuscript has not been dated to an earlier time than this, or else the Church has not said, but the book itself is inscribed with the date of 1522 AD. Theorists claims it was copied in that year from a manuscript written in the 1200s AD or earlier.The earliest known proof of it comes from the writings of one Honorius of Thebes, whose existence has not been undeniably proven. He may have been Pope Honorius III (1148-1227). Honorius of Thebes is believed to have written something now referred to as the “Sworn Book of Honorius,” from which the Grand Grimoire was derived, or which is, in fact, the Grand Grimoire itself.The theory claims that Honorius was either Satan himself, or possessed by Satan for the purpose of writing the book. It contains instructions on summoning Satan at any time, at any place on Earth, for various insidious intentions. The word “grimoire” denotes a textbook of magic. Any kind of magic, whether good or bad. A great deal of so-called copies are in circulation around the world, but none of these, the conspiracy theory claims, contains the true words of the actual Grimoire. It is very popular in the voodoo culture of Haiti, and practitioners there claim to use the book all the time, like a cookbook for spells and hexes.Theorists claims the Grand Grimoire is itself supernatural in that it permanently resists burning, cannot be cut, pierced, penetrated, torn, or in any other way damaged or destroyed. It is the only book with the knowledge of how to summon Satan (all others being fakes that don’t work), with a precise ritual to be performed, and in addition to this, it can summon any number of named demons (Pazuzu, from “The Exorcist” among them). Being written by Satan, it details proofs of various supernatural miracles of the Bible, the precise locations of biblical relics, and even contains Satan’s personal sketches of the faces of Judas Iscariot and Jesus Christ. Because it is in the Catholic Church’s possession, the theory goes on to claim that every Pope starts out a human, and then becomes possessed by Satan once he is elected.The 1989 film “Warlock,” starring Julian Sands as the prospective Antichrist, uses the Grimoire as a major plot device, and goes even further, claiming that the Grimoire contains the secret name of God, which, when uttered backward, will annihilate the Universe. This lister paused the film and inched it forward at the climax to read the secret name, and it is “Roaisha.” Help yourselves. Think it just couldn’t possibly get any better? Well, this last quality of the Grimoire was most likely invented by David Twohy, who wrote the story for the film. But conspiracy theorists have championed the idea ever since, claiming that everything in this entry is based on provable facts, and that these facts are in the Grand Grimoire itself.
So where is the Grimoire? maybe in the Vatican secret archives..
Did you know Philippine Mythology? Take a Look and Learn
Philippine Mythology
The first part as shown below were the residents of Kaluwalhatian (the Ancient Tagalog Skyworld). The list is divided into generations based on common beliefs about the offspring of the gods.
FIRST GENERATION GODS:
Bathala – The supreme god of being; creator of man and earth and addressed sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal. He dwells in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser gods and goddesses. Aside from the lesser gods and goddesses, he sent his anitos in order to assist the daily lives of every human. When most of the natives were converted to Christianity during the Spanish Era, he was referred to the Christian God. [Click here to learn more about Bathala]
Amanikable – Originally this god was worshipped as the god of Hunters. In more modern stories he has become associated as the ill-tempered god of the sea, replacing Aman Sinaya among of the first generation gods (aside from Bathala), he was never married after his love was spurned by a beautiful mortal maiden, Maganda. In frustration, he swore vengeance against the humans by sending turbulent waves and horrible tempests in order to wreck boats and to drown men.
Idiyanale – The goddess of labor and good deeds. Natives used to call for her guidance in order to make their works successful. She married Dimangan and had two offspring.
Dimangan The god of good harvest. He was married to Idiyanale and had two offspring.
Lakapati – The goddess of fertility and the most understanding and kind of all the deities. Also known as Ikapati, she was the giver of food and prosperity. Her best gift to mankind was agriculture (cultivated fields). Through this, she was respected and loved by the people. Later, she was married to Mapulon and had a daughter.
Mapulon – The god of seasons and husband of Lakapati of whom they had a daughter.
Pantheon of Ancient Tagalog Gods
Pantheon of Ancient Tagalog Gods
SECOND GENERATION GODS:
Mayari – The goddess of the moon and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman. She was the most charming of all the goddesses. She had two sisters, Tala and Hanan.
Tala – The goddess of the stars; sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
Hanan – The goddess of morning; sister of Mayari and Tala and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
Dumakulem – The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of Idiyanale and Dimangan. His sister was Anitun Tabu. He later married Anagolay.
Anitun Tabu – The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain. She was the daughter of Idiyanale and Dimangan and the sister of Dumakulem.
Anagolay – The goddess of lost things and the only offspring of Lakapati and Mapulon. She was married to Dumakulem.
THIRD GENERATION GODS:
Apolaki – The god of sun and the chief patron of warriors. He was the son of Anagolay and Dumakulem.
Diyan Masalanta – The goddess of love, conception and childbirth and the protector of lovers. She was the daughter of Anagolay and Dumakulem and youngest of all the deities.
How the Rothschilds Became the Secret Rulers of the World.
We are all aware of how the majority of the world’s wealth in the hand of a few influential families. These few families or the one percent of the world have been responsible for every major event taking place in every corner of the world.
Rothschild Family is considered as the most powerful and wealthiest of the entire tiny minority controlling the world’s wealth, influencing global politics, inciting wars and articulating most of the world’s financial crisis.
The Rothschild family has its origins in the 18th century, Germany. Mayer Amschel Rothschild, the founding member of the family, was a court Jew, a term referring to Jewish bankers who dealt primarily with the nobility.
He went on to establish a banking family of international significance, stretching beyond international borders to every major European power.
The family has been in control of the world’s wealth for centuries and their influence reaching far beyond every echelon of power.
In this article, we will take a look at this influential family and try to understand who they really are, as opposed to who they claim to be.
Khazarian Ashkenazi Decedents
From the founder of the Rothschild family to the ones in our present day, all claim to be of Jewish ancestry — a claim that has been instrumental in their elevation as the most powerful family in the world.
However, they have simply adapted to the changing social dynamics in order to benefit themselves.
Before claiming to be Jewish, the ancestors of Rothschild were Khazars, hailing from the Kingdom of Khazaria, the most powerful polity during the 7th century.
During those times, religious affiliations held huge significance in terms of political power and foreign relations. Khazars, who practiced a Turkic form of religion known as Tengrism, found it more beneficial to convert to Judaism, which resulted in the mass religious conversions of the Khazarian elite or nobility.
During the 10th century, their major alliances had started to collapse, without support and constant conflict eroded the power of the kingdom and before its eventual collapse, the ruling elite migrated to Europe under the guise of Judaism.
Hence, a majority of the people today who claim to be Jews were, in fact, Khazars or Ashkenazi Jews. Despite their Asiatic Mongolian genes, they could claim their birthright over the land of Israel, despite their original homeland being what is now known as Georgia.
This deception allowed them to enter the Jewish circle and enjoy the benefits associated with the ethno-religious and cultural group.
They used the influence to climb up the social ladder in monarchial Europe, with some even becoming nobles and starting their own dynasties, eventually acquiring political power in more than one kingdom.
The Rothschild Family
The Ashkenazi Jews had opted for the centuries old practice of changing their family and identity in order to present themselves as part of the dominant race in the country they resided.
This is because minorities usually faced persecution or marginalization at the hand of the majority, which would restrict their social mobility.
This allowed them to obtain influential positions in their respective countries and work towards their hidden agendas. Rothschild is the perfect example of such family that elevated themselves through deception and other unscrupulous means.
The Rothschild family took this practice to another level. They would sire many undocumented offspring, who would then be placed into various positions of power and would help the main family in their ambitions without raising suspicions of their ulterior motives.
This was started by the first person to take the family name Rothschild. Although it is known that he had five sons, who went on to establish an international banking network in five different nations, he also had another son, the sixth member of the original Rothschild family, who was not officially documented.
How the Rothschilds became the masters of our planet
Before I conclude the first part of this article, I want to make sure that everyone understand that the point of this article is not to single out a person or a race of people.
But rather inform the people of the Rothschild family and its influence on the world as we know it and how they profited from the suffering of millions.
Now that we understand the origins of the Rothschild family, we will continue to talk about the influence of the family in shaping the world and profiting from the suffering of millions, but more importantly, masterminding almost every major event that has occurred since the 18th century.
Power and Wealth: The Timeline of the Rothschild Family (1740s – 1770s)
In the power and wealth series, we will try to dissect historical events and try to understand the extent of influence exerted on the global events by the Rothschild family, the single most powerful family in the history of human civilization.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
In 1744, Mayer Amschel Bauer was born in the free city of Frankfurt, Germany, to an Ashkenazi Jew who ran a counting house and also worked as a money exchanger.
On the entrance door of his counting house hung a red hexagram sign; this would translate numerically and geometrically into the number 666.
Interesting, the same sign ended up on the Israeli flag around two hundred years a late, evidence of the extent of Rothschild influence over the State of Israel.
Around fifteen years later, Mayer Rothschild started working for a bank owned by the Oppenheimer family in Hanover, Germany.
During this period, he proved himself to have a natural inclination towards the field of finance and his success resulted in his becoming a junior partner at the bank. During his time at the bank, he met General von Estorff, with whom he became acquainted over the course of his tenure at the bank.
Following the death of his father, he returned to Frankfurt in order to take over his father’s business. It was during this time that he changed his last name from Bauer to Rothschild when he realized the significance of the red sign. In German, red is translated as Rot, whereas Schild is translated as Sign.
Soon after Mayer discovered that his friend General von Estorff was closely associated with one of the richest royal houses in Europe, Hesse-Hanau.
Prince William IX had acquired his wealth and elevated his house by offering his army as mercenaries for hire to foreign countries for huge sums of money, a practice that still continues to this day in the form of peacekeeping missions.
He decided to re-acquaint with the General on the pretext of selling valuable trinkets and coins at an irresistibly discounted price. As he had anticipated, he was introduced to the Prince, who pleased at the dealings and allowed him to enter his circle of associates.
The initial investment proved to be extremely lucrative, as he would be conducting business with no just the Prince but also the members of the royal court.
He soon realized the advantages of dealing with governments rather than individuals and soon became a court Jew, a person involved in providing loans to the members of the court or nobility.
The Advent of Illuminati
In 1769, Prince Williams gave his permission to hang a sign on the Mayer’s official premises reading, “M.A. Rothschild, by appointment court factor to his serene highness, Prince William of Hanau.”
A year later, he came up with an idea for an organization, which went on to become the infamous Illuminati. The organization was placed under the authority of another Ashkenazi Jew, Adam Weishaupt.
Weishaupt, although, a Jewish descendant, had become Roman Catholic in his outwardly persona. The Illuminati was based on the teaching of the Talmud – the teachings associated with the Rabbinical Jews. The term Illuminati means the keepers of the light.
During this time, Mayer married Gutle Schnaper, the daughter of an influential and respected merchant, Wolf Salomon Schnaper.
And soon had his second child and his eldest son, Amschel Mayer Rothschild, who along with his four other brothers, proved to be instrumental in the elevation of the Rothschild family.
In 1976, Weishaupt officially established the Illuminati, which came into being with the sole purpose of dividing the entire non-Jewish populace or goyim through economic, social, political, and religious intrigue.
The organization fueled conflicts among the goyim and then provided them with arms and weapons, and then watched as they would fight amongst themselves, destroying governments, religious institutions and eventually eroded their own power.
The same year, Weishaupt managed to infiltrate the Continental Order of Freemasons with the Illuminati doctrine and established their secret headquarters in the lodges of the Grand Orient. All of this was masterminded and funded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild.
He then went on to recruit thousands of intellectuals with varying expertise. They were assigned the following tasks:
Use whatever means necessary to acquire control over officials at high ranking position in the government and other influential areas.
Influence the faculties of higher education institutions to single out students exhibiting exceptional mental abilities, as well as belonging to wealthy, influential and connected families and influence them to opt for special training in internationalism, rather than allowing them to develop nationalistic ideals. Such training was funded through scholarships by the Illuminati.
Direct all those under the influence of Illuminati, including students, to act as agents and lobby for the realization of the doctrines of Illuminati, that is to bring about one-world order and the destruction of the governments and religious institutions they were appointed or elected to serve.
Lastly, to obtain absolute control over the press to propagate the masses towards a one-world order.
Power and Wealth: The Timeline of the Rothschild Family (1780s – 1810s)
In 1784, Xavier Zwack, an associate of Weishaupt wrote a book to incite the French Revolution under the directives of Weishaupt.
The book was sent to Maximillen by courier from Frankfurt to Paris. However, en route, the courier was struck and the book detailing the plan was discovered by the police and brought to the attention of the Bavarian authorities.
As a result, the Bavarian authorities initiated a raid against the Masonic lodges, along with the homes of all the high ranking members.
By 1785, the Illuminati was banned and all of the Bavarian lodges of the Grand Orient were closed down. Around the same time, Mayer Rothschild moved with his family to a five story house in Frankfurt, which he shared with the Schiff family.
The Rise of the Rothschilds
In 1786, the Bavarian government tried to warn all of the heads of states and churches throughout Europe by publishing the details of the Illuminati plot in a document entitled, “The Original Writings of the Order and Sect of the Illuminati.”
However, the warnings were ignored.
Despite the warning issued by the Bavarian government, the French Revolution began in 1789 and concluded in 1799 with the enactment of a new constitution and various laws that expelled the Church’s influence. This was literally a banker’s dream come true.
The Expansion
In 1790, Mayer Amschel is quoted as saying:
“Let me issue and control a nation’s money and I care not who writes the laws.”
A year later, the Rothschild family acquired control over a nation’s money, when Alexander Hamilton, an agent of the family in George Washington’s cabinet, set up a central bank, First Bank of the United States.
In 1796, Amschel Mayer Rothschild, married Eva Hanau.
In 1798, John Robison published a book: “Proofs of a Conspiracy Against All the Religions and Governments of Europe Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati and Reading Societies.”
The book gave details of the entire Rothschild Illuminati plot from the first hand experiences Robison had, who had been invited by Weishaupt to join the secret society.
After turning 21, Nathan Mayer Rothschild, the third son of Mayer, leaves Frankfurt with large sums of money and established a bank in London. In 1800, Salomon Mayer married Caroline Stern.
In 1806, Napoleon stated that he intended to remove the house of Hess-Cassel from their position of power and removed their name from the list of powers.
This forced Prince William IX to flee Germany for Denmark, where he entrusted his fortune, valued around $3,000,000 to Mayer Amschel for safekeeping.
The same year, Nathan Mayer got married to Hannah Barent Cohen, the daughter of a wealthy merchant from London and two years later had his first son, Lionel Nathan de Rothschild.
In 1820, Salomon Mayer was sent to Vienna and established the M.von Rothschild.
The War of 1812
In 1811, the charter for the Rothschild’s Bank in United States expired and the congress voted against its renewal.
To this Nathan Mayer was quoted as:
“Either the application for renewal of the charter is granted, or the United States will find itself involved in a most disastrous war.”
However, the United States ignored the warning, resulting in Nathan to issue another threat:
“Teach those impudent Americans a lesson. Bring them back to colonial status.”
In 1812, under the directive of Nathan Mayer and backed by the Rothschild wealth, the British declared war on the United States.
The objective was to cause the United States of accumulate a huge amount of debt fighting the war, which would cause them to surrender to the wills of the Rothschild, which the family could leverage to renew the charter for the First Bank of the United States.
The same year, Mayer Amschel Rothschild passed away. His will dictated specific laws that the House of Rothschild were to follow:
All positions of significance in the business can only be held by a family member;
Only men would be allowed to participate in the business, including the sixth secret son.
Another thing to note was that Mayer Amschel also had five daughters, who spread the Rothschild dynasty without the name of the money, allowing them to operate without drawing attention that comes from the name Rothschild.
According to Jewish tradition, children from a non-Jewish father and a Jewish mother are considered as solely Jewish. The family members were to only marry their first and second cousins, which would allow them to preserve the family fortune and in the process, its influence.
Furthermore, no public records were to be released regarding the family’s assets and the eldest son would, by default, became the head of the family, unless the majority of the family would agree to a different nominee.
Thus, Amschel Mayer Rothschild was made the head of the family.
Power and Wealth: The Timeline of the Rothschild Family (1810s)
Following the death of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, Amschel Mayer was elected as the head of the family, according to the bylaws dictated in the will of Mayer Amschel.
Amschel Mayer Rothschild
The same year, James (Jacob) Mayer traveled to Paris to establish the French division of the family bank, de Rothschild Frères.
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, 1905 edition, Volume 10, Mayer Amschel hid Prince William IX’s wealth in wine casks and successfully evaded Napoleon’s soldiers when they invaded Germany and later Prince William returned to his official position as an electorate of Germany.
However, it is believed Rothschild never returned the money to Prince William. Instead, Nathan Mayer invested the entire, $3,000,000 into gold brought back by the East India Company.
Fueling Both Sides of the Conflict
In 1815, all five of the Rothschild brothers devised a plan to profit from the ongoing war in Europe. The gold was supplied to both of the primary parties involved in the conflict, Duke of Wellington and Napoleon.
Nathan who operated in England funded Wellington’s army, whereas James, who operated out of France, funded Napoleon’s army.
This is where they began their policy of funding all sides of any war, as wars provided them with the opportunity to fund risk free debt.
The family used their unprecedented banking system that lay across the entire Europe and created an unrivaled postal service network of secret routes. This allowed them to acquire vital information before it would become public and maintain an upper hand on all of the current events.
Moreover, due to their influence, their couriers were the only people allowed to bypass the English and French blockades with ease.
This allowed Nathan Mayer to be informed of the state of the war before anyone and used this information to amass unprecedented wealth in the Stock Exchange.
For example, Nathan was aware of the outcome of the Battle of Waterloo a full day before Wellington himself.
Disinformation and Market Manipulation
At that time, the British bonds were referred to as consuls, which were traded on the floor of the stock exchange. Nathan being aware of the outcome of the war started selling the consuls.
The selling on the market was taken as a sign of the British losing the battle, resulting in widespread panic in the markets and a huge panic sell off was initiated.
Nathan, after initiating the selloff, started discretely accumulating the consuls. By the time, word came of the British victory, the market rose up even higher than its previous levels, leaving Nathan with a return of approximately 20:1 on his investment.
Following Napoleon’s defeat, the Rothschild family had acquired complete control over the British economy, the financial center at that time and forced the government to establish a new Bank of England, which Nathan controlled.
In 1815, Nathan Mayer made the following statement:
"I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne of England to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man who controls Britain's money supply controls the British Empire, and I control the British money supply."
He went on to brag that in the meager seventeen years he spent in England, he multiplied the £20,000 capital given to him by his father, by around 2,500 times to around £50 million
The Age of the Rothschild Modern Banking System
The Rothschild family used their influence over the Bank of England to replace the previous system of shipping physical gold and introduced the system of derivative or paper debts and credits — that's how the banking system that we know today was born.
By the end of the 19th century, the period known as the, “Age of the Rothschild,” the family controlled around half of the world’s wealth.
Concert of Europe
The "Concert of Europe," the name given to the series of international meetings conducted through the Congress of Vienna, was established in the year 1814 and was to serve as a tool for the Rothschild to exert complete control over the civilized world.
Since a majority of the European powers were in debt to the Rothschild, the congress was a way to leverage the debt to influence international politics. However, the Russians had yet to succumb to the Rothschild’s will and this thwarted their plan.
Enraged, Nathan Mayer swore that either he or his descendants would destroy the Tsar Alexander’s family, which proved to be true when around a century later, Rothschild funded the Bolsheviks movement, which indeed acted upon the promise.
Power and Wealth: The Timeline of the Rothschild Family (1840s – 1860s)
In the late 1840s, James Mayer used his influence to win the contract for the first major railway line in France.
It was named the Chemin Defer Du Nord, which was later connected with the Austrian rail network, built by Solomon Mayer. The family’s involvement in the Europe transport network increased their power substantially, controlling the money, precious metals, and the transport of the entire continent.
In 1847, Nathan’s son, Lionel Rothschild, was elected to the parliamentary seat from the city of London. At that time, there was a requirement for every parliamentarian to take an oath as a Christian, which was refused by Lionel.
Interestingly, he was not disqualified instead the parliamentary seat remained vacant for eleven years until new oaths were introduced, allowing people of different faiths to take up elective position in the government.
For eleven years, the constituents who voted for Lionel didn’t have representation in the parliament, talk about power!
In 1849, Guttle Schnapper, wife of Mayer Amschel died. Before her death, she allegedly said:
“If my sons did not want wars, there would be none.”
By 1852, N.M. Rothschild & Sons had begun refining gold and silver for their banking network and other customers around the world.
A year later, Nathaniel Rothschild, Nathan’s son, made the family’s first investment in the wine industry when he acquired the Château Brane Mouton and renamed it the Chateau Mouton Rothschild.
In 1858, Lionel Rothschild becomes the first Jew to become a member of the British parliament.
The North American Struggle against the Rothschilds
Three years later, in 1861, the United States was embroiled in a civil war and the funds were needed to fight the southern states.
Since, President Jackson had expelled Rothschild controlled central bank, their influence remained in the form of splintered private banks throughout the country.
When President Lincoln approached the banks for a loan, he was offered the money on outrageously large interest rates, which would have meant the country being in the debt of the Rothschilds for decades.
As a result, President Lincoln introduced the country’s first paper currency, the greenback, which was not backed by anything but the US government’s credibility.
This allowed Lincoln to fund the Civil War, abolish slavery, infuse much needed funds without increasing debt and most importantly, revolutionized the US economy, all the while resisting the Rothschilds.
In the same year, The Times of London published a story regarding the US initiative. According to the story, the North American Republic employed a clever financial policy, which allowed them to furnish their own money without incurring a cost.
The policy allowed them to mint new money without acquiring any debts; instead, it could be used to pay off all of its current debts, threatening the current world order.
Unless they are impeded, they will become prosperous beyond precedent. Hence, this nonconforming government must be eradicated or it will bring about the destruction of every monarchy on the globe.
In 1863, the only other government to resist the influence of the Rothschilds, the Russian Empire ruled by the Tsar of Russia, stated that if any of the European powers actively intervened in the American Civil War, Russia would respond by declaring war and would side with the new republic.
The assertion by the Tsar was substantiated when part of the pacific Russian fleet was sent to New York and San Francisco, deterring Rothschilds from meddling in the US affairs.
Despite the defeat at the hands of President Lincoln, John D. Rockefeller, an ally to the Rothschild, went on to establish Standard Oil, a fully integrated oil company, eventually becoming the largest oil refiner in the world.
During 1865, President Lincoln gave the following statement to the congress:
“I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me, and the financial institutions in the rear. Of the two, the one in my rear is my greatest foe.”
He was assassinated at the order of the Rothschilds in the same year and the lone assassin myth was born.
This modus operandi was employed ever since by the Rothschilds to eliminate those who opposed them.
US Infiltration
Jacob Schiff, another Rothschild, was sent to the US after getting trained at the London Bank to increase the family’s influence in the US. His primary objective was to establish a banking branch of the Rothschild banking dynasty and ultimately seize control of the US money supply.
Secondary objectives are said to include seeking out professionals willing to further the agendas of the Illuminati and placing them into influential positions in the federal government, Supreme Court, Congress and all other important federal agencies.
Creating disorder in the country by inciting conflicts between the minority groups in the country such as the African American communities. And lastly, creating a movement against the main religion in the country, i.e. Christianity.
In 1868, James Mayer Rothschild died, making him the last of Mayer Amschel Rothschild’s sons to depart, leaving an entire continent at the whims of one family, while their influencing constantly grew throughout the world.
Angel of Death? supernatural?
This is a very famous story and based on real events in the United States.
They say there's a few years ago a couple decided to get out of routine and go out for dinner, but to make the most romantic night combined that would let their two kids with a babysitter very well recommended by a friend of the couple.
The night with the children seemed quiet. The young woman saw some films on DVD put them in the room to sleep.. Bored decided to call the parents to ask if you could watch tv in your room, since this was the only place that was available, because the parents were very strict with what the kids saw on TV.
With the permission of the couple to assist it in the tv room, the girl decided to make one more request... She asked if I could cover the statue that was in the room of children with a towel or blanket, because you thought she was terrifying.
On the other side of the line the phone was silent for a few moments, until the father of children spoke with a fear of the voice:
- take the children out of the house now! We're called the police, because we do not have any statue in the children's room.
After a few minutes to be alerted the police came to the site. Cautiously and with guns blazing the police raided the house and found all dead. No Statue was found, there was no sign of forced entry, and no evidence on how the deaths occurred was detected. The victims were killed with a stroke of something massive and heavy. The Case was never solved and became an urban legend.
It would be some killer of meat and bone or something supernatural occurred in that house?
Conspiracy about NSA Prism, Click at your Own Risk Knowledge Is FREE
What is NSA Prism?
PRISM is a clandestine surveillance program under which the United States National Security
Agency (NSA) collects internet communications of foreign nationals from at least nine major US
internet companies. It was launched in 2007.
it was the expansion of the anti terrorist NSA survelliance program wich was implemented by
the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States in the wake of the September 11, 2001,
attacks.
the project objective is to track,filter messages gather intel for NSA or other gov agencies to
intercept or prevent such unwanted attacks to the united state goverment .. to watch wanted
person on their transaction or to find people fugetives in minimal time
surveillance of NSA is legal on us
The National Security Agency programs that collect huge volumes of Internet data within the
United States are constitutional and employ "reasonable" safeguards designed to protect the
rights of Americans, an independent privacy and civil liberties board has found.
Glenn Greenwald says NSA bugs tech hardware en route to global customers
NSA document raises questions about Canada in G8 spying
Edward Snowden appears via video at Toronto debate
Munk Debate on surveillance: Glenn Greenwald, Michael Hayden trade barbs
In a report released Tuesday night, the bipartisan, five-member Privacy and Civil Liberties
Oversight Board, appointed by President Barack Obama, largely endorsed a set of NSA
surveillance programs that have provoked worldwide controversy since they were disclosed last
year by former NSA systems administrator Edward Snowden.
However, the board urged new internal intelligence agency safeguards designed to further
guard against misuse.
Under a provision known as Section 702, added in 2008 to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Act of 1978, the NSA uses court orders and taps on fibre optic lines to target the data of
foreigners living abroad when their emails, web chats, text messages and other
communications traverse the U.S.
Section 702
Section 702 includes the so-called PRISM program, under which the NSA collects foreign
intelligence from Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple and nearly every other major U.S.
technology firm.
Because worldwide Internet communications are intermingled on fibre optic lines and in the
cloud, the collection inevitably sweeps in the communications of Americans with no connection
to terrorism or foreign intelligence. Since the Snowden disclosures, activists have expressed
concern that a secret intelligence agency is obtaining private American communications
without individual warrants. Some have questioned how such a program could be legal under
the Constitution.
The board, including a Democratic federal judge, two privacy experts and two former
Republican Justice Department officials, found that the NSA monitoring was legal and
reasonable and that the NSA and other agencies take steps to prevent misuse of Americans'
data. Those steps include "minimization," which redacts the names of Americans from
intelligence reports unless they are relevant.
No trace of 'illegitimate activity'
The board's validation of the controversial NSA surveillance program stands in contrast to its
last report in January, when it argued that the NSA's collection of domestic calling records
under Section 215 was unconstitutional. The Obama administration disagreed but has
proposed to overhaul the program by ending NSA's collection of the records.
The new report will be voted on at a public meeting Wednesday in Washington.
"The board has seen no trace of any such illegitimate activity associated with the program, or
any attempt to intentionally circumvent legal limits," the report says. That said, the board
noted that the rules "potentially allow a great deal of private information about U.S. persons to
be acquired by the government."
In some aspects, the board found, the programs push "close to the line of constitutional
reasonableness. Such aspects include the unknown and potentially large scope of the incidental
collection of U.S. persons' communications," and collection of communications about a target,
such as a foreign terrorist organization, that could capture two innocent American discussing
the organization.
The report offers a set of policy proposals "designed to push the program more comfortably
into the sphere of reasonableness."
For example, the board recommends that NSA and CIA analysts query Section 702 data using
the names or email addresses of Americans "only if the query is based upon a statement of
facts showing that it is reasonably likely to return foreign intelligence information."
Valuable anti-terror tool
In contrast to the widespread questions about whether the NSA's collection of calling records
under Section 215 was a valuable anti-terror tool, U.S. intelligence officials and skeptical
members of Congress have agreed that Section 702 has been responsible for disrupting a series
of terrorist plots and achieving insights into the intentions of foreign adversaries.
Cisco CEO lashes out at NSA, tells Obama to stop bugging IT hardware
NSA never used Heartbleed to spy, White House says
News reports on NSA leaks sometimes reveal too much
The board said, "Monitoring terrorist networks under Section 702 has enabled the government
to learn how they operate, and to understand their priorities, strategies, and tactics." The
programs have "led the government to identify previously unknown individuals who are
involved in international terrorism, and it has played a key role in discovering and disrupting
specific terrorist plots aimed at the United States and other countries," it added.
Section 702 has its roots in the Terrorist Surveillance Program, a collection program President
George W. Bush ordered after the 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S. without seeking a change in
the law. After administration lawyers deemed aspects of it illegal, and after co-called
warrantless wiretapping was disclosed in news reports, Congress essentially legalized the
program in 2008.
Much about how the government uses Section 702 information remains unknown, including the
extent to which it is used to help authorities investigate and prosecute domestic law
enforcement cases, such as drug cases, unrelated to terrorism or intelligence.
and theres no stoping yet...
if in US is legal to do looking and gather data how will extend its process to gather
information in other countries or other places?
that will be the participation of social medias and its companies to gather their consumers or users submmited information.
Click at your own RISK "Deep Web" Knowledge is FREE
Do you know: There is a vast section of the Internet which is hidden and not accessible through regular search engines and web browsers.
This part of the Internet is known as the Deep Web, and it is about 500 times the size of the Web that we know.
What is DEEP WEB?
Deep Web is referred to the data which are not indexed by any standard search engine such as Google or Yahoo.
The 'Deep Web' refers to all web pages that search engines cannot find, such as user databases, registration-required web forums, webmail pages, and pages behind paywalls.
Then, there's the Dark Web or Dark Net – a specific part of that hidden Deep Web.
Deep Web and Dark Web are the intriguing topics for the Netizens all around. But when you hear the term 'Deep Web' or 'Dark Web,' you usually categorize them into one.
If yes, then you are wrong.
What is DARK WEB?
Dark Web is where you can operate without been tracked, maintaining total anonymity.
The Dark Web is much smaller than the Deep Web and is made up of all different kinds of websites that sell drugs, weapons and even hire assassins.
These are hidden networks avoiding their presence on the Surface Web, and its URLs are tailed up with .onion.
These [websitename].onion domains are not indexed by regular search engines, so you can only access Dark Web with special software -- called 'The Onion Browser,' referred to as TOR.
TOR is free, and anyone can download it.
Many of us heard about the Dark Web when the largest online underground marketplace Silk Road was taken down following an investigation by United States federal authorities.
But, what if, you can still be able to dig the Darknet contents with your regular browsers, without the need of TOR?
Here's How to Surf & Search the Deep Web without TOR
Solution: Deep Web Search Engines
Search engines like Google are incredibly powerful, but they can't crawl and index the vast amount of data that is not hyperlinked or accessed via public DNS services.
However, there are Deep Web Search Engines that crawl over the TOR network and bring the same result to your regular browser.
Some of such Dark Web Search Engines are:
Onion.City
Onion.to
Not Evil
Memex Deep Web Search Engine
Here are some Deep Web Search Engines:
The WWW Virtual Library
Collection of Deep Web Research Tools
Surfwax
IceRocket
Stumpedia
Freebase
TechDeepWeb
These Deep Web search engines talks to the onion service via Tor and relays, resolve the .onion links and then deliver the final output to your regular browser on the ordinary World Wide Web.
However, there is one consequence of browsing Deep or Dark Web on a regular browser. Working this way will make these .onion search results visible to you, me, and also, for Google.
Moreover, tracker-less search engines are also popular in the TOR culture – like Disconnect, DDG, IXQuick – which ensures your privacy searches.
Importance of TOR
It is worth noting that mere access via TOR is not considered as an illegal practice but can arouse suspicion with the law.
TOR has long been used by Journalists, Researchers, or Thrill seekers in heavily censored countries in order to hide their web browsing habits and physical location, crawl the Deep Web and exchange information anonymously.
However, one of the main reasons behind the rise of TOR is NSA's Surveillance Programs.
After the Assange-Snowden revelations in the past years, public fears about their privacy getting compromised over the Internet.
The reliability of the Internet had been lost that demanded the Ciphers come into action to thwart the Federal Agency's efforts. So comes the need of TOR.
With the help of TOR, the web users could roam around the Internet beyond any fear, keeping themselves and their real identities hidden from federal and intelligent agencies.
This is why TOR is being one of the favorite targets of federal agencies.
Since Tor has long been a target of the government intelligence agencies, most online users do not feel safe to use Tor anymore.
To known how easy it is for government agencies to unmask Tor users, you can read these articles:
How Spies Could Unmask Tor Users without Cracking Encryption
How Hacking Team and FBI planned to Unmask A Tor User
Who lurks in the 'Dark Web'?
According to the recent survey conducted by researchers Daniel Moore and Thomas Rid (in their book Cryptopolitik and the Darknet), it is found that 57% of the Dark Web is occupied by unauthorized contents like Pornography, Illicit Finances, Drug Hub, Weapon Trafficking, counterfeit currency flow and many more.
The netizens had given the shade of illegalities to Dark Web. This is why today Dark Web is being defined as something that is illegal instead of a 'Pool of Information.'
However, there are countless reasons to use Dark Web. But, ultimately, it depends on the surfer what to surf?
Sidelining Darkweb for criminal offenses often gray out the legitimate purposes inside Dark Web.
In the end, I just want to say:
Knowledge is Free! Happy Surfing!
History of Bitcoin full article
This article is a short history of Bitcoin. Our goal is to give the reader a reliable abbreviated overview of Bitcoin. We will reference places where the interested reader can learn more about specific topics or dive deeper.
The history will be structured around Bitcoin’s trade price (as a reflection of market sentiment) and page views of wikipedia (as a reflection of broader awareness).
2008/2009: Bitcoin’s birth
In November 2008, someone going by the user name ‘Satoshi Nakamoto’ released a paper to a cryptography mailing list. The 9-page paper was entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System“, and it laid out a vision for a distributed digital money system.
Email Satoshi Nakamoto sent to about his paper
In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open-source bitcoin core software on SourceForge and the bitcoin protocol started running. Nakamoto mined the first 50 bitcoins. The protocol was a breakthrough in cryptography, though it drew on developments that had preceded it but hadn’t been combined yet.
Bitcoin ran quietly in the background—a topic of excitement and fascination for a dedicated crowd of coders but largely off the world’s radar. Discussion was distributed across different forums, and it wasn’t until the end of the year that the first dedicated forum was established. This helped coders could more easily coordinate with other coders as the underlying code got tweaked. By mid-2009, people other than Satoshi Nakamoto were actively contributing to the open-source codebase in Github.
The protocol was a breakthrough in cryptography, though it drew on many cryptography innovations that preceded it. A community of cryptography experts and privacy advocates known as the Cypherpunks (cypher not cyber) played a key role in recognizing the technical genius of Bitcoin and understanding its implications. Many members of this community would become torchbearers later in Bitcoin’s history.
As 2009 ended, Bitcoin did not have a ‘trade price’ and 309 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2010: Bitcoin’s very early years
The Bitcoin ‘ecosystem’ was largely just a record of Bitcoin transactions (the blockchain), a set of online forums where users communicated and organized transactions, and the open-source software code. There were no wallet services, payment processors, or real user interface beyond actual command prompts and raw code. This limited involvement to a dedicated and savvy crowd who organized transactions through online forums and initiated them on the blockchain with code. For example, the first commercial transaction took place in May 2010: a programmer in Florida spent 10,000 BTC on a pizza.
Bitcoin's first commercial transaction was a pizza
However, beginnings of a market support system began to emerge. In early 2010, the first exchange opened, which allowed structured trading of bitcoins. The first “article” on bitcoin appeared on Slashdot and stoked interest beyond the initial insider cryptocurrency crowd. Users grew. In late 2010, Mt. Gox launched as the second exchange and became the dominant place to trade Bitcoins for a couple years.
As 2010 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $.3 and 309 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2011: Bitcoin finds niche uses and awareness grows
In 2011, Bitcoin began to mature as a digital payment system, though its use was limited by the aspirations of early adopters.
The perceived anonymous nature of the digital currency made it perfect for online black markets. That year saw the emergence of the Silk Road, an ebay for illicit goods (predominantly drugs) that used Bitcoin as a payment method. The Silk Road was one of the public’s primary introductions to Bitcoin, prompting several politicians cast the currency as a vehicle for money laundering and drugs.
Mainstream media also began covering it. Forbes, Bloomberg, and TIME all wrote articles. Politicians warned against it. Academics wrote about it. At the end of the year, CBS aired an episode of the “The Good Wife” that focused on bitcoin.
Other consumer services were also starting to emerge. WikiLeaks started accepting Bitcoin donations. An iPad app was launched. Bitpay, a service that let merchants accept bitcoins over the phone, was founded and claimed to have 100 merchants. More exchanges opened, letting people trade bitcoins for other currencies.
The Bitcoin code also underwent a major change. Through 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto had overseen the maintenance of the codebase. Satoshi never called or met anyone and only communicated on forums and direct messages. In April 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto wrote his last verified email, leaving Gavin Andreson in charge of the project, and left, never to be (verifiably) seen or heard from again. Andreson quickly selected four others to share this responsibility and introduced some structured ways of updating the underlying code.
“He told myself and Gavin that he had moved on to other things and that the project was in good hands.”
– Mike Hearn describes the last thing he heard from Nakamoto
Also in 2011, the first alternative digital currency or “altcoin”, Litecoin, launched.
The world was in an awkward time in which financial markets were doing well but workers were not. Occupy Wall Street started in September and soon Occupy protests had taken place in almost 1000 cities worldwide. It is easy to see how the idea of a bankless currency could take root.
By the end of the year, the world was deeply ambivalent about the digital currency. A currency for the 21st Century that could topple banks? A tool for laundering money and buying illicit substances?
As 2011 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $4.60 and 2185 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2012: Bitcoin matures
Bitcoin was riding a wave of legitimacy in many circles, and these were having conflicting effects.
The currency became a popular target for hackers and thieves. Mt. Gox had been hacked in 2011, and now more major attacks on exchanges and other databases led to millions of dollars worth of Bitcoin theft. Several Ponzi schemes ended with theft.
Black markets utilizing bitcoin as a payment method continued to operate. It’s estimated that $15 million worth of Bitcoin passed through the Silk Road this year. A popular online gambling site, Satoshi Dice, launched and flooded the bitcoin network with very small gambling transactions (bets worth less than $.0001). This sparked a debate on how to deal with such ‘transaction dust.’
More generally, the community was feeling the impacts of having no central authority. There were no dedicated funds to support core development of the code and no sanctioned gathering places places other than online forums.
The Bitcoin Foundation was also established. Its role was to fund core development, represent the currency to governments, and conduct outreach and education. Late that year, a Bitcoin exchange Bitcoin-central.net was licensed similar to a bank in Europe. https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2FBitcoin-central.net%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2QKcOg8Gt_E2WySWNMxizy0ayCl9Fgy9E2i1AOWnfwK207ATt6gkIHjx8&h=AT0sw4Ug-C30IkbOMQVdQ4WLx8Ccp6S-V71789pO1eIZkFjqng-c_K3YybMofVneThpFmjI7_Y4DqskEq2MUn_mMg23QHc1qlBz-8lLOCu6txVZ7ea3QjJLT5umqy_9pDiry&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT28UEM6f88BJi-wevrnonRcgviR7866W03tAUSb4hzNu1fhhyNF8LQeNxFtOXxWi92G4hBZi5rBAiFGy6TDU4rPwIRiUeXUeHTqmubCwaDPoK4hqm8CSvtjnLTs0t7pK50bPh9wj3mDXVDaMTEIw7iGuYl6xsR4heJCz24BaUmPT1LK7OyzIB0cNby_4qIMqgN-78VXrc-HEhEV
As it garnered the attention of more governments, its legal ambiguity became more obvious and more awkward. People were trading it like an asset, using it like a currency, and downloading it like open-source software. Gambling and the Silk Road didn’t help. Some services started dropping bitcoin out of fear of its legality.
Broadly, this is a year in which the industry also saw the promise of banking the unbanked with Bitcoin. Forbes runs one of the first mainstream articles discussing Bitcoin’s use in remittance payments. WordPress started accepting Bitcoin, explaining that traditional payment processor restrictions were preventing international bloggers from participating in the blogosphere.
As 2012 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $13.44 and 2809 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2013: The world wakes up to bitcoin
2013 was one of the most tumultuous years for Bitcoin. It had two period of incredible volatility in which people literally woke up to almost 100% price increases.
The first occurred in early 2013. A bail-out deal between the EU and Cyprus included a levy on bank accounts with sizeable sums of money, inspiring Cypriot account holders to buy bitcoin en masse. The Bitcoin price almost doubles, and Cypress sets a precedent for using Bitcoin as a means of capital flight.
Bitcoin survived one of its first major crises of legitimacy this year: the shutting down of the Silk Road and the arrest of its founder. The government seized all assets and helped cement public association of Bitcoin with online black markets. After a quick price drop, the price quickly recovered, but Bitcoin has lived in the Silk Road’s shadow ever since.
Globally, governments began to take Bitcoin more seriously but reactions were mixed.
The People’s Bank of China, after initially approving Bitcoin, banned financial institutions from using it or working with customers whose businesses involve it.
The US Department of Homeland Security declared Mt. Gox a ‘money transmitter’ (a heavily regulated entity) and moved to seize some of its assets.
US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) issued some of the world’s first bitcoin regulation in the form of a guidance report for persons administering, exchanging or using virtual currency. In particular, exchanges must comply with money laundering laws and register as Money Services Businesses.
The US Senate held a hearing which was (to the surprise of many) open to the long-term prospects of Bitcoin.
The second period of volatility occurred in November. In 30 days, the price went from just over $100 to just over $1200. Searches for bitcoin spikes. News outlets covered it. In 30 days, it went from a successfully digital currency proof-of-concept to a new technology in the eyes of the world. The price plummeted back down in December, but it never stayed below $200 again.
The swell of popularity led to an explosion of “altcoins”—digital currencies based on modified or different underlying protocols. Litecoin had been the first, back in 2011, but 2013 saw hundreds of these new altcoins launch. Many turned out to be scams, but many are also still traded today.
As 2013 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $764 and 26354 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2014: Bitcoin beyond cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin
In early 2014, Bitcoin survived another major crisis of legitimacy: the closure of Mt. Gox. Mt. Gox had been the longest-running and most successful virtual currency exchange to date. It was a pillar of both the bitcoin economy and the community. In February, Mt. Gox abruptly shut trading, and leaked documents show it had lost 744,000 BTC (approximately $40 million). Bitcoin naysayers had a field day on forums, and it was widely seen as a blow to the digital currency’s ability to operate safely without any oversight or regulation.
Governments began to pass regulation this year. The wild end to 2013 woke many regulators up to the volatility of this currency. The IRS declared Bitcoin to be taxed as property. The People’s Bank of China forced Chinese banks to close the bank accounts of major Chinese exchanges, though many exchanges exploited legal loopholes to keep operating. New York announced its Bitlicense: a legal licensing framework for businesses that interact with Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. This is largely decried by the cryptocurrency community. The dream of unregulated cash was quickly fading.
The currency also traveled more into the payment mainstream, and a wave of major retailers accepted the currency. Overstock, Tiger Direct, Newegg, Dell, and Microsoft all announced acceptance of Bitcoin. Near the end of the year, a subsidiary of PayPal announced it will work on integrating Bitcoin on their platform.
Another development in the world of cryptocurrencies is that many many people began imagining Bitcoin without the digital currency part: how could the underlying technology be used for other purposes?
A wave of new protocols emerged with applications beyond digital currency, presaging a so-called “Bitcoin 2.0” era in which people would repurpose blockchains (Bitcoin’s and others) to store all kinds of information. Some notable ones included
Ethereum, a platform for software that could run on a distributed network.
Maidsafecoin, a protocol to allow distributed file storage built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain
Factom launches to create a data layer on top of the blockchain to enable simple, verifiable, and secure record keeping.
This reflected the rising awareness of what early enthusiasts had thought: the technology of cryptocurrencies could be the foundation of the next Internet. Today is like the early 90s, and in the coming years, blockchains could remake everything. The idea was planted, but with it, a sobering realization: this process would take time.
Despite these developments, Bitcoin’s price began a slow decline this year that would bottom out in early 2015 below $200 and stay relatively dormant for months. Part of this decline was a shift in capital from bitcoin to other digital currencies. Bitcoin’s contribution to the total market value of all cryptocurrencies fell from a higher of 95% in August to 78% in December. Another was the realization that upending global financial markets wouldn’t happen overnight. Bitcoin was not above the law, and financial law was very complicated. Bitcoin had the potential to be disruptive but disruption can be slower than founding visionaries hoped. In many ways, cryptocurrencies faded from the public eye.
AS 2014 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $314 and 6162 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2015: The business blockchain
The basic features of this industry mostly continued. Hacks and theft continued, including a high-profile loss of close to $5 million from a major exchange at the beginning of the year.
Regulators around the world continued to explore the implications of this technology while also proving that users of Bitcoin are not beyond the reach of the law. Ross Ulbricht, founder of The Silk Road, is sentenced to life in prison without parole for actions that were “terribly destructive to our social fabric.” Mark Karpeles, CEO of Mt. Gox, is arrested in Japan. Two federal agents who stole Bitcoin during the Silk Road investigation plead guilty.
The biggest shift came from banks and industry. Many industry executives began talking about “blockchains” and “distributed ledgers” rather than Bitcoin. Microsoft launched blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS) on its Azure cloud-computing platform. This allows companies to experiment with blockchains and explore how they could be used in different areas of their business.
This likely contributed to the growth in interest in Bitcoin among the broader public and among traders. Bitcoin’s price began a steady ascent as people started realizing Bitcoin and blockchains were still around.
However, a crisis was brewing in the form of the “block size debate.” The Bitcoin protocol was designed to process approximately 7 transactions per second; the blocks in the blockchain were not large enough to store more. Members of the community realized Bitcoin was on pace to reach that in 2015. If nothing was done, it could stymie the currency’s growth in popularity.
What followed was a bitter and divisive debate about whether to increase the size of the Bitcoin blocks (allowing more transactions per second) or to reposition the Bitcoin blockchain as a ‘settlement layer’ while allowing other services to process transactions that happen off-chain. In Bitcoin, there are no democratic rules, public sanctioned spaces to gather, or Robert’s rules of order. Reddit, Bitcointalk, and a couple other online forums were serving as venues for ‘public’ discussion, and the Bitcoin Foundation began hosting events toward the end of the year.
No one could agree, and the debate was fierce. This deadlock struck a blow to Bitcoin’s perceived legitimacy. If it couldn’t deal with a challenge like this, how could it deal with others? People started talking seriously about other currencies that might be viable alternatives to Bitcoin. Ethereum topped that list, and in early 2016, its price would increase tenfold.
As 2015 ended, the price of 1 Bitcoin was $426 and 4730 people viewed the Wikipedia page.
2016: A Year of Promise
It is too early to tell the story of 2016 for Bitcoin. Many of the trends that coalesced in 2015 continued: more enterprise and corporate interest in blockchain technology, more uncertainty over the block size debate, and some price volatility.
Security remains an issue. Just this year, Gatecoin, a major exchange based in Hong Kong, lost $2 million and suspended trading. Shapeshift, a major US-based exchange, suffered a series of hacks in a saga that reads like a crime novel.
Broadly, industry players in finance and technology remain bullish on blockchains and ambivalent about Bitcoin. More and more startups are branding themselves as blockchain companies rather than bitcoin companies. A new ambivalence about Bitcoin has emerged: not as a dangerous quasi-legal currency but as a good proof-of-concept that ultimately won’t be ready for primetime. As they say, “the pioneers get the arrows, the settlers get the land.” At a premier industry conference, some compared Bitcoin to Netscape.
But Bitcoin’s price continues to rise.
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The Bitcoin Timeline
I’ve been searching for a timeline on Bitcoin for a while now and I finally found an excellent one at historyofBitcoin.org. For the Bitcoin enthusiast and maybe even for someone new to the whole mind-blowing idea of Bitcoin that wants the whole story, this timeline is absolutely brilliant. Once you have consumed this blog, I recommend that you spend some time taking a good long look. There was certainly some work put into the timeline and it maps the progress of Bitcoin beautifully. However, for a good potted version or a run-through if you like with just the highlights, then please read on… https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2FhistoryofBitcoin.org%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2QKcOg8Gt_E2WySWNMxizy0ayCl9Fgy9E2i1AOWnfwK207ATt6gkIHjx8&h=AT1qOfl0INWeMa-8PAkCNYWb48hdc142_HHPIKwzCEK032eJR9fJWBvvW45PTy-6vNLY60Xgnbi2o5mr5YU4vPlP3I1ot79v0enfzcxl1UpGt9HtRzaxtspb3-kcy4SjfZKK&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT28UEM6f88BJi-wevrnonRcgviR7866W03tAUSb4hzNu1fhhyNF8LQeNxFtOXxWi92G4hBZi5rBAiFGy6TDU4rPwIRiUeXUeHTqmubCwaDPoK4hqm8CSvtjnLTs0t7pK50bPh9wj3mDXVDaMTEIw7iGuYl6xsR4heJCz24BaUmPT1LK7OyzIB0cNby_4qIMqgN-78VXrc-HEhEV
Bitcoin, Basic Facts
For those new to Bitcoin completely that want a potted history that delivers a concise run-down of what Bitcoin is all about, delivered as bullet points well, you have that below if you read on past the image.
The highlights are that Bitcoin is the world’s first de-centralised currency. Bitcoin is controlled by no-one, no bank, no government no individual or group or corporate entity. It is self-sustaining computer code that is literally unbreakable and cannot be hacked. Why? Because it has been stress tested by thousands and because each new “block” of Bitcoin (which must be opened using sophisticated computer hashing programmes – this is referred to as Bitcoin mining) must match up with the previous block on the chain and be verified by several independent sources for the “block” to be confirmed and declared as the next real Bitcoin block. This all happens, of course, in nano-seconds because of the advancement of computer processing power and each block opened strengthens the validity of the next block coming along and the last block that came by. The more blocks there are, the stronger they and the chain becomes.
Once verified the contents of the block (Bitcoins) then belong to the code cracker (miner). Every movement of Bitcoin from one place/person to another has also to be verified in this same way so Bitcoin miners and other “entities” that are linked into the Bitcoin Blockchain also serve as its policing system. You can only acquire Bitcoin by mining it or buying it and it will come as no surprise to those that understand a little about Bitcoin that all the problems and bad press that has ever surrounded Bitcon has been to do with Bitcoin people and services for buying and spending Bitcoin and not the programme’s integrity itself.
If a transaction cannot be verfiied properly then it simply did not happen. And the verification process precludes any possiblilty of spending the same Bitcoin twice (or more than twice of course), The technicalities and detail of how all this happens would bore the pants off of anyone that wasn’t an out and out techy. So, what we need to know, all we need to know is that Bitcoin is real. It has a real value (as I write this, one Bitcoin is worth $437) and it is here to stay and as the timeline and my potted history will show. It is increasing in value. The image immediately below shows Bitcoin’s value graph over the last 12 months. The direction is very plain to see.
Coindesk Price 20th April 2016
Bitcoin, Potted History
January 3, 2009
Bitcoin was a theory until January 2009 when its inventor Satoshi Nakamoto released what is now known as the “genesis block” on to the Internet. Bitcoin then passed out of academic theory into reality and the first real digital currency (or crypto currency, as some refer to it) had arrived. No-one to this day knows who Nakamoto really is or even if he was even one person or a group of people working together except of course, the man himself or the group themselves (whoever they may be).
The first (unofficial) transaction involving the transfer of Bitcoin from one person to another (Nakamoto to a man named Hal Finney) happened on January 12th 2009.
On October 5th 2009 the first Bitcoin exchange rate was established by New Liberty Standard. Giving 1,300.03 Bitcoin the value of one US Dollar. Oh how I wish I had acquired Bitcoin then!
On December 16th 2009 Bitcoin version 0.2 is released further strengthening the Bitcoin computer protocol and several more updates to strengthen the code occur over the years that follow. Two weeks later on December 30th 2009 the first increase in mining difficulty occurs in Bitcoin. In short, cracking the code to open a new block of Bitcoin (at that time the only way to acquire Bitcoin of your own) became harder (albeit still massively more simple than what it is today). This hardening of difficulty is an essential aspect of Bitcoin growth and its development over time and will continue throughout the life of Bitcoin. The more it is mined, the harder it will be to mine. And. in addition, as we will discover as we move on, if mining subsides and slows down, the difficulty lessens.
February 6th 2010 sees the introduction of the very first Bitcoin exchange when DWDOLLAR is created. It didn’t last as too few people were even aware of Bitcoin’s existence at that stage. Many other exchanges will appear over time. Some famously crashing amid suspicion of foul play. As with all things though, the viability and ethicacy of Bitcoin services improves as the currency establishes itself. But bent folk are bent folk and there will always be those that will latch on to any opportunity to defraud and steal.
May 22nd 2010 became a very famous day for Bitcoin when a man in Florida, Laszlo Hanyecz, paid another man in London 10,000 Bitcoin to have a Pizza ordered and delivered to his door. This became the first real point of value for Bitcoin establishing a value based on using Bitcoin for a real-world purchase. By my calculation, a $25 pizza payment for 10,000 Bitcoin equates to $1 = 400 Bitcoin. Or 1 Bitcoin equals 0.0025 of a dollar.
On July 11th 2010, fuelled by increasing chatter about the new age currency and its potential, along with increasing talk about the Pizza transaction, SLASHDOT (call it an online digital radio station for techies and nerds) raves about Bitcoin and several more users are drawn into the Bitcoin world.
On July 12th 2010 as a result, the value of Bitcoin officially increases ten-fold from 0.008 dollars per Bitcoin to 0.08 dollars per Bitcoin. We can now quantify Bitcoin in a real sense as it has a worth of 8 cents.
On September 18th 2010 the first “pooled” mining operation mines its first Bitcoin block. This is the beginning for the advent of the biggest single factor to affect the value of Bitcoin. Individuals could now join together as a group and mine Bitcoin effectively. Previosuly, individuals would mine Bitcoin blocks from a PC or even a laptop. But now the age of Bitcoin mining on a larger scale had begun and the acceleration of mining difficulty moves with it.
Throughout all of this early period on Bitcoin’s evolution of course, problems, bugs and inconsistencies were discovered, exploited and tested and this constant “stress testing” of Bitcoin by many different and diverse sources led to the constant strengthening of the Bitcoin programme or protocal. That is why Bitcoin has now become the unbreakable code that it is today. In October 2010 after, no doubt, throwing much computerised muscle at trying to break Bitcoin, the first signs of any Government body taking an interest in this new age currency becomes appparent. The US Financial Task Force (as you’d expect) warns of the dangers of an unchecked, de-centralised, computer based currency and the effect it could have on money laundering, crime etc. (so cash, property, bearer bonds and so on are never used for money laundering then?). You don’t need to be a cynic to conclude that any financial system that isn’t totally controlled by “Governments” is going to be sniped at by our esteemed leaders. Governments love to control and Bitcoin to them is anarchy!
October 7th 2010 after a longish period of no changes in value, Bitcoin value does start to increase. It had been around $0.06 = 1 Bitcoin for months up until this point.
On October 17th 2010 the first real Bitcoin trading channel opens and it is possible to buy and sell between the movement of Bitcoin value.
November 6th 2010 and the market capitalisation of Bitcoin finally exceeds $1 million. One Bitcoin is now worth $0.50 after being just 6 cents one month earlier. What we see today with Bitcoin has really begun in earnest.
December 8th 2010 and the first mobile phone based Bitcoin transaction takes place.
December 9th 2010 sees the first Bitcoin CALL option sold on the Bitcoin-OTC market and financial institutions begin taking an interest.
In 2011 the infamous Silk Road on-line marketplace opens. Sometimes referred to as the e-bay of drugs. Nothing in the history of Bitcoin does more to damage the fledgling currency’s development as a serious financial tool. Fortunately and inevitably (in October 2013), Silk Road is shut down again albeit after blackening Bitcoins image for a long time to come.
By January 28th 2011, 25% of all Bitcoin that will ever be generated has beem reached. Of the overall 21 million Bitcoin that will ever exist, 5.25 million of them have now been mined.
February 9th 2011 sees Bitcoin get to parity with the US Dollar. One Bitcoin = 1 USD and there is no holding back the flood of interest in the new age crypto currency.
Want to buy a 1984 Toyota Celica Supra? The first recorded offer of a car in exchange for Bitcoin occurs on February 14th 2011 as an Australian chap asks for 3,000 Bitcoins in exchange for his car.
On March 25th 2011 following a very slow period of activity and a decline in Bitcoin price from $1 to around 60 cents, for only the second time ever since creation, Bitcoin mining difficulty reduces by 10%. Yes, mining difficulty can also reduce when mining activity reduces. People are reminded that the programme is clever enough to compensate for real time activity and will increase difficulty when more mining occurs and reduce when less occurs. This is critically important because when Bitcoin block rewards halve (and they will through pre-set automation built into the programme over time) and if mining drops off as a result then difficulty will reduce until mining picks up again. In short, when difficulty reduces, smaller and less capable machines with less hashing power can successfully mine Bitcoin. When diffculty increases, those smaller machines cannot compete.
It is interesting to note that, not for the first time, there are many loud voices in the world now proclaiming the death of the Bitcoin revolution following the fall in value from $1 to 60 cents. This becomes a recurring theme just about every time any bad news or slow down in Bitcoin value growth occurs.
Britcoin opens for trading on 27th March 2011 and the first trading between GBP and Bitcoin is enabled. On March 31st 2011, Brasil follows suit with Bitcoin Brasil and now Bitcoin can be exchanged and traded against Brazilian Reals. Similar trading environments start to appear across Europe commencing in Poland on April 5th 2011.
The first PUT option is sold on the Bitcoin-OTC market on April 12th 2011.
Another landmark occurs on June 2nd 2011 as Bitcoin hits a US Dollar value of $10 = 1 Bitcoin.
On June 8th 2011, market capitalisation of Bitcoin exceeds $206 million and Bitcoin hits a new all-time high of $31.91 = 1 Bitcoin.
What became known as “the Great Bubble” occurs on June 12th 2011 and, having hit an all-time high of $31, Bitcoin price slides to $10 in 4 days flat. The doom brigade have a field day, Bitcoin, they say, is 100% dead and buried now. The next few months see probably the hardest and most challenging period of all for Bitcoin.
June 14th 2011 and Wikileaks starts to accept annonymous Bitcoin donations, well there’s a surprise.
June 29th 2011 and Bitpay, perhaps surprisingly given the recent decline in Bitcoin fortunes, launch the first smartphone based Bitcoin wallet and it serves as a timely reminder that many people and organisations were still very much behind Bitcoin and its inevitable success. This is followed on July 20th 2011 by the first ever Bitcoin app for iPad and iPhones.
The first Bitcoin conference and World Expo was held on August 20th 2011 in New York City.
On February 27th 2012, Bitcoin magazine is launched. The first ever magazine devoted entirely to news matters relating to the digital currency. It appears on-line at first and produces its first printed edition in May 2012.
The Coinbase Bitcoin platform and wallet service is launched in June 2012.
The first Bitcoin conference in London occurs on September 15th 2012.
On Septmeber 27th 2012 a group of Bitcoin enthusiasts set up the Bitcoin Foundation as a self-governing body to implement a core development team for the protocol and a body to oversee the digital currencies ongoing development.
The first halving day occurs with Bitcoin on November 28th 2012. Block 210,000 is the first Bitcoin block to produce 25 Bitcoins instead of the previous 50 Bitcoins from every block prior to that. Now Bitcoin halving is proven to be more than just a theory. It is halving that will insure Bitcoin scarcity into the future and will eventually lead to more demand than supply and a probable massive increase in Bitcoin value over time as a result. The next halving is due to occur in or around July 2016. This will take the Bitcoin block reward down to 12.5 coin per block.
Bitpay annnounces on January 22nd 2013 that its merchant platform (a platform that enables Bitcoin transactions in exchange for goods and services) hits 10,000 transactions completed. Merchants around the world are starting to see the bigger picture and possibilities with Bitcoin.
In the run up to version 0.8 of Bitcoin being released on February 19th 2013, the worldwide acceptance of Bitcoin is growing at pace.
On February 22nd 2013, Bitcoin has got back to $30 in value.
For the first time since June 8th 2011, some 601 days earlier, Bitcoin once again breaks its previous all-time high price and goes past $32 on February 28th 2013 and by March 21st 2013 it has spiked at $74.90 = 1 Bitcoin.
The market capitalisation of Bitcoin surpasses $1 Billion on March 28th 2013.
Nothing seems to put a dent in Bitcoin’s progress now as it hits a value of $100 in April 2013 much to the stunned amazement of those that had previously and frequently declared the project dead. They would have plenty of other oppotunities, however, to make that declaration again as time goes on.
April 10th 2013 and Bitcoin hits another peak of $266 = 1 Bitcoin.
Following a hacking scandal, on April 20th 2013, Bitcoin crashes back to around $120, The doomsayers are back out in full voice.
In May 2013, Coindesk is launched and will become one of the most popular of all Bitcoin news sources.
On May 2nd 2013, the first Bitcoin ATM in the world is sited in California, USA.
The biggest funding of any Bitcoin based operation occurs on May 7th 2013 as Coinbase receive an investment of $5 million.
Bloomberg gets a Bitcoin price ticker on August 9th 2013 so it can track the price of Bitcoin. Is big finance starting to take a real interest?
Following on from an August 6th 2013 ruling by a judge in Texas, USA that Bitcoin was a currency, Germany announces that Bitcoin is “private money” on August 20th 2013 and exempt from tax after being held for 1 year. Who’s for moving to Germany then?
October 2nd 2013 and the FBI shut down Silk Road and Bitcoin price drops from $139 = 1 Bitcoin to $109.71 = 1 Bitcoin in less than three hours in response to the Silk Road shutdown. It then recovers to $128 = 1 Bitcoin.
November 6th 2013 and another new all-time high in Bitcoin price after the Silk Road revelations settle down. Bitcoin hits $269 = 1 Bitcoin.
Subway starts accepting Bitcoin on November 10th 2013 at its restaurant in Allentown, Pennsylvania. High profile names are coming to the party at long last.
Bitcoin price hits a landmark figure at 11.50am GMT on 17 November 2013, reaching $503.10 = 1 Bitcoin on the exchanges. Bitcoin evangelists believe there is no turning back but the Bitcoin story is nothing if not surprising and the Bitcoin price is shooting up as more people want in on what the early adopters have been holding on to for the last few yers.
Against all expectations following the Senate hearings in the wake of the Silk Road case, the price of Bitcoin surges to a record $1,242 = 1 Bitcoin on November 19th 2013 and several overnight (short-term) millionaires are created. This naturally heralds the beginning of a massive selling spree. Some sources attribute the sudden burst in value to rumours about controls coming in China to restrict the use of the digital currency and the rapid movement of Bitcoin around and out of that region. Bitcoin officially now moves more money around the world than Western Union.
Academia accepts Bitcoin. On November 21st 2013 the University of Nicosia in Cyprus becomes the first university to accept Bitcoin for tuition.
On November 22nd 2013, Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic begins accepting Bitcoin for space travel.
November 27th 2013 and Shopify officially integrates Bitcoin as a payment option for its 70,000+ merchants.
December 5th 2013 and China’s central bank bars financial institutions from handling Bitcoin transactions, causing a price drop of more than 20 percent to below $1,000 = 1 Bitcoin.
The Biggest Dip
December 17th 2013 and Bitcoin crashes to nearly $500 = 1 Bitcoin following further bans on Bitcoin transactions in China. The Bitcoin doom brigade are setting up parties everywhere!
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Moving on, the news surrounding Bitcoin after this comes at us too fast and too furious to note in individual snippets. So, as we enter the current stage of Bitcoin, running up to the next halving we note that it has been a period of price stabilisation and investment into the Bitcoin space. The huge growth in mining operations (strangely – particularly in China) and the realisation that the Bitcoin Blockchain technology is tough enough to survive and improve.
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The price continued to fall after the “China Syndrome”, with the odd correction taking it back up a little for a time. Ultimately, the drop in price continued almost unabatted right up, that is, until Januaary 12th 2015 and it seemed quite possible that the Bitcoin dream was running out of steam. That is until you remove the crazy hike in price from the equation that saw Bitcoin soar past $1,000 = 1 Bitcoin and you understand that spike for what it really was. I’m going to call it an anomaly.
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The world had started moving Bitcoin around like mad and a whole bunch of early movers on Bitcoin had, literally started to become millionaires. Suddenly, this thing they had been storing on their computers was not a novelty. It had real value and people were prepared to buy it from them for hundreds of dollars per Bitcoin.
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If you’d acquired Bitcoin at zero cost or for just a few pennies per coin, wouldn’t you have sold it when you were all of a sudden being offered hundreds of dollars for it? Of course you would. And it appeared, for a time, to those that were just discovering Bitcoin, that all it could do was increase in value as more and more people started to buy it in anticipation of just that. Then, of course, the inevitable meltdown occured when all that were prepared to sell had sold out and the boost to supply came to an end.
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Enter the announcements from China following on the back of this and then those that had been buying were suddenly in a rush to sell. As we always see when there is panic selling in any market, once it starts it takes a lot to stop it. The cynic in me believes that the price hike was fuelled mostly by the those that had acquired so many Bitcoin in the early days when you could mine it from your own laptop. They realised that they could now sell and be rich!
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At the peak of this price hike, you could sell 1,000 Bitcoin and get $1,000 per coin. That is enough to make you a millionaire. Now imagine if you had 5,000 or 10,000 or 100,000 Bitcoin…
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But the illustration below shows you quite clearly that Bitcoin has not finished what is actually a very clear and determined and longer-term increase in value that has been occuring since the last block reward halving in November 2012. It had a value then of around $11/$12 = 1 Bitcoin. So, if we remove what I have called the “anomaly” when the Bitcoin world went crazy and we add in what I call the “reality line” that starts at the last halving point, it seems that Bitcoin is still moving quite determinedly towards great future value.
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From the November 2012 halving at a price of $11 = 1 Bitcoin roughly, we see a reality line taking us up to today’s level of over $430 = 1 Bitcoin. If the line stays even close to that trajectory then Bitcoin will be worth $1,000 = 1 Bitcoin again but I believe next time it will hit that level on a sustainable trajectory and with most of the early Bitcoin adopters out of the way.
What is Bitcoin Mining? Come take a look and learn
Before we begin...
Before you read further, please understand that most bitcoin users don't mine! But if you do then this Bitcoin miner is probably the best deal. Bitcoin mining for profit is very competitive and volatility in the Bitcoin price makes it difficult to realize monetary gains without also speculating on the price. Mining makes sense if you plan to do it for fun, to learn or to support the security of Bitcoin and do not care if you make a profit. If you have access to large amounts of cheap electricity and the ability to manage a large installation and business, you can mine for a profit.
If you want to get bitcoins based on a fixed amount of mining power, but you don't want to run the actual hardware yourself, you can purchase a mining contract.
Another tool many people like to buy is a Bitcoin debit card which enables people to load a debit card with funds via bitcoins. mining
What is Bitcoin mining?
Bitcoin mining is a lot like a giant lottery where you compete with your mining hardware with everyone on the network to earn bitcoins. Faster Bitcoin mining hardware is able to attempt more tries per second to win this lottery while the Bitcoin network itself adjusts roughly every two weeks to keep the rate of finding a winning block hash to every ten minutes. In the big picture, Bitcoin mining secures transactions that are recorded in Bitcon's public ledger, the block chain. By conducting a random lottery where electricity and specialized equipment are the price of admission, the cost to disrupt the Bitcoin network scales with the amount of hashing power that is being spent by all mining participants.
Technical Background
During mining, your Bitcoin mining hardware runs a cryptographic hashing function (two rounds of SHA256) on what is called a block header. For each new hash that is tried, the mining software will use a different number as the random element of the block header, this number is called the nonce. Depending on the nonce and what else is in the block the hashing function will yield a hash which looks something like this:
93ef6f358fbb998c60802496863052290d4c63735b7fe5bdaac821de96a53a9a
You can look at this hash as a really long number. (It's a hexadecimal number, meaning the letters A-F are the digits 10-15.) To ensure that blocks are found roughly every ten minutes, there is what's called a difficulty target. To create a valid block your miner has to find a hash that is below the difficulty target. So if for example the difficulty target is
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
any number that starts with a zero would be below the target, e.g.:
0787a6fd6e0782f7f8058fbef45f5c17fe89086ad4e78a1520d06505acb4522f
If we lower the target to
0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
we now need two zeros in the beginning to be under it:
00db27957bd0ba06a5af9e6c81226d74312a7028cf9a08fa125e49f15cae4979
Because the target is such an unwieldy number with tons of digits, people generally use a simpler number to express the current target. This number is called the mining difficulty. The mining difficulty expresses how much harder the current block is to generate compared to the first block. So a difficulty of 70000 means to generate the current block you have to do 70000 times more work than Satoshi Nakamoto had to do generating the first block. To be fair, back then mining hardware and algorithms were a lot slower and less optimized.
To keep blocks coming roughly every 10 minutes, the difficulty is adjusted using a shared formula every 2016 blocks. The network tries to change it such that 2016 blocks at the current global network processing power take about 14 days. That's why, when the network power rises, the difficulty rises as well.
Bitcoin Mining Hardware
CPU
In the beginning, mining with a CPU was the only way to mine bitcoins and was done using the original Satoshi client. In the quest to further secure the network and earn more bitcoins, miners innovated on many fronts and for years now, CPU mining has been relatively futile. You might mine for decades using your laptop without earning a single coin.
GPU
About a year and a half after the network started, it was discovered that high end graphics cards were much more efficient at bitcoin mining and the landscape changed. CPU bitcoin mining gave way to the GPU (Graphical Processing Unit). The massively parallel nature of some GPUs allowed for a 50x to 100x increase in bitcoin mining power while using far less power per unit of work.
While any modern GPU can be used to mine, the AMD line of GPU architecture turned out to be far superior to the nVidia architecture for mining bitcoins and the ATI Radeon HD 5870 turned out to be the most cost effective choice at the time.
FPGA
As with the CPU to GPU transition, the bitcoin mining world progressed up the technology food chain to the Field Programmable Gate Array. With the successful launch of the Butterfly Labs FPGA 'Single', the bitcoin mining hardware landscape gave way to specially manufactured hardware dedicated to mining bitcoins.
While the FPGAs didn't enjoy a 50x - 100x increase in mining speed as was seen with the transition from CPUs to GPUs, they provided a benefit through power efficiency and ease of use. A typical 600 MH/s graphics card consumed upwards of 400w of power, whereas a typical FPGA mining device would provide a hashrate of 826 MH/s at 80w of power.
That 5x improvement allowed the first large bitcoin mining farms to be constructed at an operational profit. The bitcoin mining industry was born.
ASIC
The bitcoin mining world is now solidly in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) era. An ASIC is a chip designed specifically to do one thing and one thing only. Unlike FPGAs, an ASIC cannot be repurposed to perform other tasks.
An ASIC designed to mine bitcoins can only mine bitcoins and will only ever mine bitcoins. The inflexibility of an ASIC is offset by the fact that it offers a 100x increase in hashing power while reducing power consumption compared to all the previous technologies.
Unlike all the previous generations of hardware preceding ASIC, ASIC may be the "end of the line" when it comes to disruptive mining technology. CPUs were replaced by GPUs which were in turn replaced by FPGAs which were replaced by ASICs. There is nothing to replace ASICs now or even in the immediate future.
There will be stepwise refinement of the ASIC products and increases in efficiency, but nothing will offer the 50x to 100x increase in hashing power or 7x reduction in power usage that moves from previous technologies offered. This makes power consumption on an ASIC device the single most important factor of any ASIC product, as the expected useful lifetime of an ASIC mining device is longer than the entire history of bitcoin mining.
It is conceivable that an ASIC device purchased today would still be mining in two years if the device is power efficient enough and the cost of electricity does not exceed it's output. Mining profitability is also dictated by the exchange rate, but under all circumstances the more power efficient the mining device, the more profitable it is. If you want to try your luck at bitcoin mining then this Bitcoin miner is probably the best deal.
Bitcoin Mining Software
There are two basic ways to mine: On your own or as part of a Bitcoin mining pool or with Bitcoin cloud mining contracts and be sure to avoid Bitcoin cloud mining scams. Almost all miners choose to mine in a pool because it smooths out the luck inherent in the Bitcoin mining process. Before you join a pool, make sure you have a bitcoin wallet so you have a place to store your bitcoins. Next you will need to join a mining pool and set your miner(s) to connect to that pool. With pool mining, the profit from each block any pool member generates is divided up among the members of the pool according to the amount of hashes they contributed.
How much bandwidth does Bitcoin mining take? If you are using a bitcoin miner for mining with a pool then the amount should be negligible with about 10MB/day. However, what you do need is exceptional connectivity so that you get any updates on the work as fast as possible.
This gives the pool members a more frequent, steady payout (this is called reducing your variance), but your payout(s) can be decreased by whatever fee the pool might charge. Solo mining will give you large, infrequent payouts and pooled mining will give you small, frequent payouts, but both add up to the same amount if you're using a zero fee pool in the long-term.
Bitcoin Cloud Mining
By purchasing Bitcoin cloud mining contracts, investors can earn Bitcoins without dealing with the hassles of mining hardware, software, electricity, bandwidth or other offline issues.
Being listed in this section is NOT an endorsement of these services and is to serve merely as a Bitcoin cloud mining comparison. There have been a tremendous amount of Bitcoin cloud mining scams.
Bitcoin mining is the process of adding transaction records to Bitcoin's public ledger of past transactions. This ledger of past transactions is called the block chain as it is a chain of blocks. The block chain serves to confirm transactions to the rest of the network as having taken place.
Bitcoin nodes use the block chain to distinguish legitimate Bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent elsewhere.
Bitcoin mining is intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady. Individual blocks must contain a proof of work to be considered valid. This proof of work is verified by other Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. Bitcoin uses the hashcash proof-of-work function.
The primary purpose of mining is to allow Bitcoin nodes to reach a secure, tamper-resistant consensus. Mining is also the mechanism used to introduce Bitcoins into the system: Miners are paid any transaction fees as well as a "subsidy" of newly created coins.
This both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the system.
Bitcoin mining is so called because it resembles the mining of other commodities: it requires exertion and it slowly makes new currency available at a rate that resembles the rate at which commodities like gold are mined from the ground.
A proof of work is a piece of data which was difficult (costly, time-consuming) to produce so as to satisfy certain requirements. It must be trivial to check whether data satisfies said requirements.
Producing a proof of work can be a random process with low probability, so that a lot of trial and error is required on average before a valid proof of work is generated. Bitcoin uses the Hashcash proof of work.The Computationally-Difficult Problem
Bitcoin mining a block is difficult because the SHA-256 hash of a block's header must be lower than or equal to the target in order for the block to be accepted by the network.
This problem can be simplified for explanation purposes: The hash of a block must start with a certain number of zeros. The probability of calculating a hash that starts with many zeros is very low, therefore many attempts must be made. In order to generate a new hash each round, a nonce is incremented. See Proof of work for more information.
The Bitcoin Network Difficulty Metric
The Bitcoin mining network difficulty is the measure of how difficult it is to find a new block compared to the easiest it can ever be. It is recalculated every 2016 blocks to a value such that the previous 2016 blocks would have been generated in exactly two weeks had everyone been mining at this difficulty. This will yield, on average, one block every ten minutes.
As more miners join, the rate of block creation will go up. As the rate of block generation goes up, the difficulty rises to compensate which will push the rate of block creation back down. Any blocks released by malicious miners that do not meet the required difficulty target will simply be rejected by everyone on the network and thus will be worthless.
The Block Reward
When a block is discovered, the discoverer may award themselves a certain number of bitcoins, which is agreed-upon by everyone in the network. Currently this bounty is 25 bitcoins; this value will halve every 210,000 blocks. See Controlled Currency Supply or use a bitcoin mining calculator.
Additionally, the miner is awarded the fees paid by users sending transactions. The fee is an incentive for the miner to include the transaction in their block. In the future, as the number of new bitcoins miners are allowed to create in each block dwindles, the fees will make up a much more important percentage of mining income.
Thanks
Blitzboom and the guys from #bitcoin-dev for their help with writing the guide! https://web.facebook.com/hashtag/bitcoin?__eep__=6&__cft__[0]=AZU46BaaRSZC1CqyMI_0hOdtlEoFjiLnnLLu5o1mL1rRa6ix9yML0WKbZh-Jg2pFMJiOqUEO_yrCRaN7DSd8Je6MeZT7bPvUyZTemP0WnSn3ldkFAZaDVwqNuRkc1Gb8ZubRnPQWMLHFaGZrJn56wYb-_asdBg-nw4-DKSjFA3wFCyMKoOoBKFtmfyKjE84zwGI&__tn__=*NK-R
Guide To DEEP WEB For Phones
Install ORBOT at ORFOX sa google play (much better kapag valid ang app)
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1.) run ORBOT, long press onion icon to activate anonymous connection
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2.) Wait to "100% bootstrapped"
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3.) Click browser below, it's the shortcut to ORFOX.
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4.) ADDITIONAL TRICK, Swipe the onion icon to change your IP address for a new.
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Another Additional guide:
- alwes remembar na dipwib is biri biri dinjirus, do nat atemp to go releted to SEX, DRUGS, WEAPONS, CREDIT CARDS
Flowers Are Men In Greek Mythology Part II
Lily. To the ancient Egyptians, the trumpet-shaped lily was a symbol of Upper Egypt, the southern part of the country. In the ancient Near East, the lily was associated with Ishtar, also known as Astarte, who was a goddess of creation and fertility as well as a virgin. The Greeks and Romans linked the lily with the queen of the gods, called Hera by the Greeks and Juno by the Romans. The lily was also one of the symbols of the Roman goddess Venus.
In later times, Christians adopted the lily as the symbol of Mary who became the mother of Jesus while still a virgin. Painters often portrayed the angel Gabriel handing Mary a lily, which became a Christian symbol of purity. Besides being linked to Mary, the lily was also associated with virgin saints and other figures of exceptional chastity.
chastity purity or virginity
mummify to preserve a body by removing its organs and allowing it to dry
The lotus often appears in Hindu and Buddhist stories. Here, Buddha sits on a throne of lotus blossoms.
The lotus often appears in Hindu and Buddhist stories. Here, Buddha sits on a throne of lotus blossoms.
In Asian mythology the lotus often symbolizes the female sexual organs, from which new life is born. Lotuses appear in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Hindus refer to the god Brahma as "lotus-born " for he is said to have emerged from a lotus that was the navel, or center, of the universe. The lotus is also the symbol of the goddess Padma, who appears on both Hindu and Buddhist monuments as a creative force.
The holiness of the flower is illustrated by the legend that when the Buddha walked on the earth he left lotuses in his trail instead of footprints. One myth about the origin of Buddha relates that he first appeared floating on a lotus. According to a Japanese legend, the mother of Nichiren (Lotus of the Sun) became pregnant by dreaming of sunshine on a lotus. Nichirin founded a branch of Buddhism in the 1200s. The phrase "Om mani padme hum," which both Hindus and Buddhists use in meditation, means "the jewel in the lotus" and can refer to the Buddha or to the mystical union of male and female energies.
Narcissus. The Greek myth about the narcissus flower involves the gods' punishment of human shortcomings. Like the stories of Adonis and Hyacinth, it involves the transfer of life or identity from a dying young man to a flower.
Narcissus was an exceptionally attractive young man who scorned the advances of those who fell in love with him, including the nymph Echo. His lack of sympathy for the pangs of those he rejected angered the gods, who caused him to fall in love with his own reflection as he bent over a pool of water. Caught up in self-adoration, Narcissus died—either by drowning as he tried to embrace his own image or by pining away at the edge of the pool. In the place where he had sat gazing yearningly into the water, there appeared a flower that the nymphs named the narcissus. It became a symbol of selfishness and coldheartedness. Today psychologists use the term narcissist to describe someone who directs his or her affections inward rather than toward other people.
@clairvoyant
