CORONARY OBSTRUCTION ACUTE
This type of heart attack is caused by the sudden obstruction of one of the branches of the coronary arteries. Depending upon the size of the branch plugged and on the portion of the heart deprived of its blood supply, the patient may recover completely or may die within the next several hours.
The victim experiences extreme pain in his chest, which he may describe as being squeezed in a vise. The pain may extend through to the back, up into the neck, or down the left arm where it may even involve the fingers ( commonly the fourth and fifth ) and is not relieved by rest. The victim may become unconscious, and he typically appears very pale. He may go into shock, with profuse perspiration and lowered irregular, and vomiting may occur.
WHAT TO DO
Place the victim in a half reclining position with head and shoulders elevated until the fire department's rescue squad or an ambulance arrives, or until seen by a doctor.
Insest that he remain absolutely at rest, not even moving a finger.
Loosen the victim's clothing where it might constrict the neck or waist.
If pure oxygen is available, play a stream of the oxygen in front of his face so that he can breathe this along with the air. Otherwise, allow him to breathe fresh air.
If nitroglycerin tablets are available, place one of these under the victim's tongue, allowing it to be dissolved there.
Even with a favorable turn of events, the victim should be kept at absolute rest under a doctor's care for gradual recovery.
HEART FAILURE ACUTE
Heart failure occurs as climax to long-standing heart disease. The acute episode is caused by the inability of the heart to circulate a sufficient quantity of blood throughout the body. The blood now begins to stagnate in the lungs and other tissues.
The principal symptoms are shortness of breath and coughing. Instead of being pale, the patient's skin appears dusky. The difficulty in breathing is most severe when the patient lies down. He will insist that he should sit up at least part way.
WHAT TO DO
Keep the victim propped up in bed in a near sitting position.
Give oxygen if available.
Preferably, the victim should be attended by a physician before he is moved. The physician can administer drug which will improve the heart's action. Otherwise prompt treatment can be secured at the hospital emergency room.