The answer is, if something moves faster than light. But let’s take the longer route.
First let us understand the ‘Uncertainty principle’ developed by Werner Heisenberg. In simple terms we cannot measure accurately the speed and position of a sub atomic particle. It limits the ultimate limit of precision of human limit. If we measure the speed of electron accurately then our measurement of position of that electron will be less accurate, and vice versa. Present understanding of things is that there is a limit imposed by nature as to how much accurately we can measure the speed and position of a particle.
It is easy to measure the speed of a cricket ball or a car. But if several cricket balls are placed in a box and the box is continuously shaken randomly then it will be difficult to track the speed and position of each ball. This problem becomes much more severe when we go to sub atomic level. These particles are never in one place and the closer we get to it the jitterier they become. So it becomes impossible to measure both speed and location at the same time.
Thus a profound secret of nature was revealed by this scientist. The Principle said that product of uncertainties involved in measuring the speed and position of a particle will be equal or more than the ‘Planks constant’. Max Plank had postulated that radiation energy is calculated in tiny packets called quanta and it cannot be broken down below that. He said that the nature limits the level till which we can measure be it speeds, position, energy, or quantity and he calculated it also. Present scientific instruments cannot go beyond the level set by him.
The quantum entanglement and the causality theory were contradicting each other. In QE it seemed that two sub atomic particles are communicating with each other over vast distances that too faster than the speed of light. Causality describes the relation between cause and effect. If something is travelling faster than the speed of light, then effect will come before the cause. It is like seeing a man getting injured before he gets hit by a car. It’s called retro causality. As our past effects our present and future likewise as per this our future can affect our present and past.
In one case CERN recorded that a sub atomic particle called neutrinos traveled faster than light. It traveled 60 billionths second faster than the speed of light covering a distance of 730 km of the tunnel. But scientist have been skeptical about this finding and insisted on repeating it at Fermi lab in US. If this experiment is ever duplicated and validated then all the related text books have to be re written. The implication is profound, time traveled backward.
The final verdict will come only when it is repeatedly proven than something can travel faster than light.
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