Journey inside disease(Diabetes Mellitus-1)

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Avatar for Saleh123
4 years ago

Hello learners

Before I start my journey I wanna thank 2 great writers in read cash from whom I really got inspiration to write about diseases. First one is @Jane from whom i took advice at first. And second one is @Hanzell because reading hanzells articles brought be inspiration to start writing academic articles.

Today i am going to travel inside a most common disease from which most of us or our parents, our relatives suffers a lot. May be some of you can guess which disease I wanna mean. The dangerous Diabetes Mellitus.

Many people says that diabetes mellitus is the root of many many principal diseases. Again many of them wanna refer it as a morbid disease.

So lets proceed in....

The diabetes mellitus

Definition of diabetes mellitus: A group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose in underutilized producing hyperglycemia.

Or

Lets see another definition

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous group of multifactorial, polygenic syndromes charecterized by elevation of blood glucose caused by a relative or absolute deficiency in insulin.

Note:here multifactorial means mixture of different differnet causes genetic and environmental. Examples of some diseases are diabetes mellitus, hypertension etc.

Polygenic means multiple genes involved.

Syndromes means not a single problem together many problems

Insulin deficiency may be absolute or relative. Absolute deficiency means decreased insulin secretion from pancreas(normally 250-300 unit secretes) normally tgese type of diabetes is type 1 diabetes.

Relative deficiency means insulin resistance normally these types of diabetes is called type 2 diabetes.(usually after age 60 type 2 diabetes occurs)

Now come to the classification of diabetes

Classification of diabetes mellitus:

1. Type-1 diabetes mellitus

2. Type-2 diabetes mellitus

3. Other specific types of diabetes mellitus

4. Gestational diabetes mellitus

(Who doesnt have diabetes mellitus before but in pregnancy 1st diabetes recongnized )

Now lets collaborare each types of diabetes

1. Type- 1 diabetes mellitus

Causes:

a. absolute deficiency of insulin caused by autoimmune attack on beta cells of pancreas.

b. Some have no evidences of autoimmunity and classified as type 1 idiopathic (cause is unknown)

Charecteristics:

- They have insulinopenia( deficiency in insulin)

-seventy five percent occurs before the age of eighteen

-five to ten percent of all cases of diabetes are in this group.

2. Type-2 diabetes mellitus

90% of all cases of diabetes are in this group.

Causes of type- 2 diabetes mellitus

1. Insulin deficiency

2. Dysfunctional beta cells of pancreas

May be many of you ask me what is isnulin resistance. Is it fighting against insulin. Ha ha ha. May be something like that.

Let me clear it to you

Insulin resistance

Definition of insulin resistance

Its is the decresed abilty of the target tissues such as liver adipose tissue and muscles to respond properly to normal or elevated circulating concentrations of insulin.

Its is charecterized by uncontroled hepatic glucise production and decrese glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue. ( because of decreased insulin dependent glut 4

-Source lipincott of biochemistry)

Causes of insulin resistance:

1. Obesity

2. Gestational diabetes mellitus

3. PCOS ( poly cystic ovary disease)

4. Growth hormone excess

3. Other types of diabetes mellitus

Important Causes of them :

1. Genetic defects if beta cell function

2. Geentic defects in insulin action.

3. Disease of the exocrine pancreas.

4. Endocrinopathies

A. Cushing syndrome ( steroid increses drastically )

B. Acromegaly ( increased growth hormone)

C. Glucagonoma ( glucagon secreting tumor )

5. Administrations of hormones of drugs known to induec beta cell dysfunction (dilatine, pentamadine ) or impair insulin action.

( 1. Glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta adrenergics or beta agonist )

6. Infection

7. Uncommon forms of immune mediated diabetes.

8. Other genetic conditions( example: down syndrome, kline filter syndrome)

I think you are bored today, let me continue it tomorrow. thanks for patience.

yeah, if you dont want to miss my writing please subscribe and if you have think there is some correction needed please feel free to say in comment box.

(All these informations provided here are taken from the academic note I made it under care of my respected teacher assistant prof. Dr. Md. Rezaul Qader-Head of the Department, Biochemistry)

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4 years ago

Comments

Thank you for sharing this kind of articles thought I don't have this disease but I can prevent it. Diabetes is not a minor disease we all know that precaution is a must.

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4 years ago

Yes, we all should keep in mind that prevention is better than cure.

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4 years ago

Helpful article. We knowing many information about diabetes after reading your article. Thanks for sharing this helpful article.

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4 years ago

Really your articles are very informative, i wonder to see that how nicely you explain everything about diabetes, keep it up bro

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4 years ago

Thanks a lot. But as i mentioned it was not possible for me to write it without my teachers asistance.

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4 years ago

May we be free from.

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4 years ago

Now a days sugar problem is a big problems in every country. If you have a sugar then you must to maintain some rules. And here the rules for suger in this article. So this article is very helpfull.

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4 years ago

Thanks for your evaluation

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4 years ago

Ohh so this was what you got from the "brain loves sugar" article i wrote. I'm not much a fan of diabetes studies since there's really no conclusive medication to the mountains of research in the topic but you really summed up the necessary info

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4 years ago

He finally met you. I told him you're also making articles about chemistry thingy..haha.. told him to post something bout his field since he is as well a medical student.

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4 years ago

I can see that he is and that he knows his stuff. It will be fun reading his work but maybe tomorrow, it's 11 now and i think I'll need to sleep soon

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4 years ago

Many many thanks for your upvote and evaluation.

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4 years ago

The content deserved it. It could be something close enough to the research materials we use. Now I'm sure that I should be writing researches again after my prior commitments

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4 years ago

We will be waiting

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4 years ago