Air pollution
Air pollution is caused by the mixing of harmful substances in the air. Air pollution damages health, the environment and resources. This causes the ozone layer in the atmosphere to become thinner. It has an impact on the climate and also causes global climate change.
Industry, vehicles, population growth and urbanization are some of the major causes of air pollution. Air pollution occurs for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond human control. Smoke from desert storms and forest or grass fires causes chemical and dust pollution in the air.
Below are the names and sources of some of the major air pollutants -
Carbon mono
Carbon dioxide (CO2): The main greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Coal, oil and natural gas are released as a result of burning.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): These gases are mainly emitted from refrigerators and air conditioning machines. After the gas is released into the air, it moves into the stratosphere, where it comes in contact with other gases. This causes the ozone layer to become thinner. The normal function of the sun is protected from the harmful rays of the sun.
Lead: This substance is found in lead batteries, petrol, diesel, hair dyes, paints, etc. Lead often harms children. It affects the digestive system and the nervous system. In some cases, cancer can also occur.
Ozone: Ozone is found in the upper layers of the atmosphere. This important sheet of gas protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays. But near the ground, this gas is extremely toxic. The ozone that is found near the soil is mainly emitted from factories and vehicles. The effects of ozone can cause itching and irritation. The effects of ozone reduce resistance to colds, leading to the risk of pneumonia.
Nitrogen oxide (NOx): The effect of this gas is to produce fog and precipitation. This gas is emitted as a result of burning fuels like petrol, diesel, coal. The effects of nitrogen oxides can cause colds in children during the winter.
Suspended Particular Matter (SPM): SPM is a particle of smoke, dust, vapor and solids floating in the air for a certain period of time. This is another major cause of air pollution. Fog is one of the reasons SPM. If the SPM is high, it is very difficult to see distant objects. The smallest particles of this type of substance can enter the lungs and damage these other major organs of the body. It also causes breathing problems.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2): This gas is mainly emitted by burning coal in thermal power plants. Other: Industrial gases also emit such gases as in paper production, smelting of metals, etc. This gas is a major cause of acid rain and fog. Sulfur dioxide causes various complex diseases of the lungs.
Chemical pollution
There are many different sources of chemical pollution, including:
Domestic waste
Industrial waste
Leakage of waste from waste sites and mixing elsewhere
Weather response
Accident or oil spill at sea
Waste from oil rigs
Mining waste during excavation
Agricultural waste
The chemicals that have always been the main cause of human concern are identified as the most polluting substances. These are mixed in the seafood chain and increase the pollution of the sea drastically. The cause of such continuous pollution is pesticides like DDT, factory released chemicals like PCB.
The main components of air pollution and their main sources
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - Necessary Evil of the Environment Excessive presence of this gaseous element raises the surface temperature. This is mainly due to the greenhouse effect. Factories, vehicles are the main source of this gas.
Carbon monoxide (CO) - the ultimate harmful to human respiration. These gases are adept at disrupting the gaseous balance of the atmosphere. The origin of this gas is mainly from old vehicles. For this reason, various pollution control regulations have been introduced in developing countries like India. The Euro Stage and the India Stage (engine rating system) help control such pollution.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) - This SO2 gas is one of the main constituents of smoke from chimneys of tanneries and other factories. When mixed with water vapor floating in the air, this gas has the ability to cause extremely harmful acid rain. In addition to human casualties, marble-like monuments such as the Taj Mahal have suffered irreparable damage.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Originally the source of older air conditioners and commercial cylinders. It is one of the elements in the depletion of the earth's ozone atmosphere. But now the use of this gas is banned in almost all countries. In fact, no other gas in the fluorocarbon family is used as such.
Other- Gases from nitric acid gases used in gold factories such as nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur compounds used in almost all factories, chlorine compounds etc. can also be considered as one of the causes of air pollution.
However, due to the increase in awareness and various measures taken by the government, the rate of increase in air pollution has been curbed.
SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) - This can be smoke-dust or aerosol. The carbon particles in the smoke emitted from vehicles or fuel are less than 10 nanometers in size. These float in the air and can stay in the air for weeks. This is a special reason.
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