Greetings community, today I will continue to share a post on occupational health and safety, which is also useful for any activity you carry out in your daily life. Next I will present a risk identification guide (dysergonomic), this guide was provided to us by Prof: Ing. Milagros Pacheco when taking the subject Hygiene at the Univ. I hope this informative post will be very helpful so that you can minimize such risks in their work and daily life, talks about how to identify risks, preventive measures and consequences of non-prevention.
Ergonomics:
It is a disciplinary that acts synergistically as a body of interrelated knowledge in its application to adapt the environment of life and work to man for his better quality of life, developing norms that require constant investigation and simultaneous actions.
Ergonomics Objectives:
Health.
Security.
Productivity.
Comfort and Satisfaction.
Broad notion of the human-work relationship.
Adaptation of work to the human being.
Comprehensive work evaluation.
When the physical demand of the tasks increases the risk of injury as well, that is, when the physical demand of a task exceeds the capabilities of a worker an injury can occur.
Harmful health effects:
Cumulative trauma, tenosynovitis, trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, raynaud's syndrome, occupational lumbago, bursitis, cervico-branchial syndrome, and others exposed in the list of diseases of Technical Standard -02-2008.
How to control this type of risk?
1- Job estimate:
This evaluation occurs in two steps:
Identification of the existence of dysergonomic risks:
There are several approaches that can be applied to identify the existence of this type of risk. The method used will depend on the philosophy of the company or the person in charge of carrying out the work, that is, the technician, engineer, supervisor, etc. hygiene and occupational safety.
Examples of approaches to identifying dysergonomic hazard conditions include:
A- Carry out the inspection of the jobs to detect the presence of risk factors.
B- Review of hygiene and safety standards, analyze the frequency and incidence of cumulative trauma injuries.
C- Interviews or surveys of workers about the work process (what? How? And why?) That can reveal the presence of risk factors. Also questions about work methods (Is it difficult to do the job?) That may reveal working conditions.
D- Document the information before and after the job modification.
Quantification of the degrees of dysergonomic risks
When the presence of dysergonomic risks has been established, the degree of risk associated with all factors should be evaluated. This requires the application of ergonomic analytical tools and the use of specific guides.
Ergonomic analysis tools
METHODS ASPECTS ANALYZED DEVELOPED OWAS
(Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) Arms, trunk, legs, head (analyzes posture and load as priority). Industrial and office jobs.
POSTURE TARGETTING
(Orientation Posture) Arms, forearms, trunk, head, thighs and legs (analyzes efforts made with the hands). Office work.
VIRA Shoulders and neck flexion. Sedentary jobs.
AET (Arbeitswissenschaftliches Erhebungsverfahren zur Tätigkeitsanalyse) Trunk, neck. All kinds of work.
ARBAN Arms, trunks and legs. Transportation and lifting of loads.
RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) Upper extremities. Works with PVD, supermarket cashiers, industry and clothing.
RULA OFFICE Upper extremities. Office work.
ERGO IBV (Evaluation of occupational risks associated with physical load) Upper extremities. Repetitive tasks.
STRAIN INDEX (Load Index) Distal Upper Limb. All kinds of tasks.
Most frequent complaints in office workers:
14% Headache / difficulty concentrating.
24% Pain in the neck and shoulders.
37% Back pain.
18% Pain in the butt.
19% Pain in the thighs.
29% Knee and Leg Pain
Implement methods for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases:
Implement methods for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases:
Adequate selection and training of personnel (good physical condition).
Use when possible, auxiliary elements to reduce efforts and facilitate the handling of loads.
Avoid handling loads that exceed capacity limits according to established criteria. The weight recommended by the ILO for men: occasionally 50 Kg, frequently 16 Kg; women: occasionally 18 kg, frequently 12 kg.
Use appropriate techniques for lifting and transport depending on the type of load to be handled.
Avoid laughing, coughing or sneezing while carrying loads.
Use the weight of the body to favor the handling of loads.
Store the materials that must be lifted to a level between the waist and the shoulders.
-Rotate staff if the task requires excessive effort or repetitive movements.
-Periodic medical check-up.
Ergonomic Principles of a Workstation:
Convenience and comfort at work are a MUST.
Avoid any inclination or forced position of the body. Lateral flexion of the head and trunk are stressful.
Avoid permanent extension of the arms forward, to the sides or upwards since it produces fatigue, decreases precision and manual skill.
Mobilize the arms alternately and symmetrically.
Secure workstations that allow changes in sitting and standing positions (avoiding standing and prolonged sitting).
The evolution of the world of work has brought changes in the way of working. Work becomes more of a "Mental" activity than a physical one, in which information management and the ability to solve problems efficiently and promptly prevail.
These images are from when I did my thesis on analysis of disergonomic risks through the RULA method to which the staff of a clinic in Barquisimeto, Venezuela were exposed
Raosubterraneo