Occupational Health has been in charge of preserving and improving the health conditions of all workers in all work environments; taking into account that for a long time and today it has been detected that workers are exposed to multiple dysergonomic risks, therefore, Occupational Health is shown with two main purposes, firstly, the promulgation of hygiene standards and safety at work through the identification of risks and secondly, the participation of the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team to fully comply with the legal bases that protect the health of workers.
The term forward-looking ergonomics means looking for alternatives in work design that avoid worker fatigue and exhaustion, in order to promote human productivity (for the benefit of themselves and others). This comprehensive approach to forward-looking ergonomics includes equipment and workplace design, as well as the design of working conditions determined by an increasing amount of information processing and an ever-evolving work organization. Prospective ergonomics is, therefore, an interdisciplinary approach.
Juan de Dios Huarte (1575) seeks the adaptation of professions to the possibilities of people, that is, that man should not adapt to the machine but the machine to man, based on this, it can be defined that ergonomics It is the study part of the work that, with the use of anatomical, physiological, psychological, sociological and technical knowledge, develops methods for determining the limits that must not be exceeded by man in the different work activities.
According to Burgos (2004, p. 7), industrial safety It is a discipline that establishes preventive standards in order to avoid accidents and its consequences. This indicates that it is a science that seeks to protect and improve the confidence of workers by following measures and alignments, to prevent accidents in their jobs, positively impacting the company
In this sense, the Organic Law of Prevention, Conditions and Work Environment in its title V of hygiene, safety and ergonomics (2005). Relationship of person, work system and machine in article 60 states:
The employer must adapt the working methods as well as the machines, tools and tools used in the work process to the psychological, cognitive, cultural and anthropometric characteristics of the workers. In this sense, they must carry out the pertinent studies and implement the changes required both in existing jobs and when introducing new machinery, technologies or methods of work organization in order to achieve that the conception of the job allows the development of a harmonious relationship between the worker and their work environment.
Considering this, employers will be obliged to adapt the machines and tools used every day by employees, taking into account its characteristics (psychological, cognitive, cultural, anthropometric, physical), with the intention of obtaining a harmonious relationship between the worker and their work environment.
Taking into account the above, the company who is dedicated to the distribution of materials for construction and hardware, has the obligation to provide service and ensure its continuity in the market. After an interview with the workers of the company, it was determined that there are flaws in the conditions and machinery present in the steel warehouse area since these are not adapted to achieve the best performance of the worker.
This situation becomes evident when observing that workers are standing during their working hours, which leads to prolonged standing, coupled with this, they perform inappropriate and repetitive movements, resulting in disergonomic conditions for the personnel who work there. It is for this reason that it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the factors that may be causing dysergonomic risks through the REBA method (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) .This method is the result of the joint work of a team of ergonomists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses, who identified around 600 positions for their elaboration.
The method allows the joint analysis of the positions adopted by the upper body (arm, forearm, wrist), trunk, neck and legs; In addition, it defines other factors that it considers determining for the final assessment of the posture, such as the load or force handled, the type of grip or the type of muscular activity carried out by the worker. It allows evaluating both static and dynamic postures, and incorporates as a novelty the possibility of signaling the existence of sudden changes in posture or unstable postures.
The REBA method is a particularly sensitive postural analysis tool for tasks that involve unexpected changes in posture, usually as a consequence of handling unstable or unpredictable loads. Its application warns the evaluator about the risk of injuries associated with a position, mainly of the musculoskeletal type, indicating in each case the urgency with which corrective actions should be applied. It is, therefore, a useful tool for risk prevention capable of alerting about inadequate working conditions, in this case it will be applied to evaluate the disergonomic risk factors of the personnel working in the company's Steel Warehouse area.
Dysergonomics are certain characteristics of jobs that are associated with injuries. Including physical characteristics of tasks (primary interaction between the worker and the work environment). Posture is the position that the body adopts when carrying out work. Strength; amount of work that the musculoskeletal system must perform to perform lifting actions. Repetitions; it is the quantification of the time of a similar force performed during a task. Speed; It is the speed of the parts of the body in movement. Duration; It is the quantification of the exposure time to the risk factor. Recovery time; is the quantification of the rest time. Environmental characteristics; heat stress, cold stress, vibrations towards the body, lighting and noise.
From this point of view, this research is considered significant by virtue of the fact that it seeks to evaluate the dysergonomic risk factors under the REBA method, aimed at the personnel who work in the iron and steel warehouse area of the company Hierro Lara CA, Likewise, it is justified this evaluation because it will allow to know if the job is adapted to the worker obtaining ergonomic conditions or not, thus it will be possible to reduce the possible illnesses that workers may acquire, such as: those mentioned in the list of illnesses of the technical standard (02-2008) Occupational Lumbago, Intervertebral Disc Disorders, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tenosynovitis and tendinitis, Disorders of the cervical disc with radiculopathy, Other disorders of the vertebral disc, Disorder of the lumbar disc with radiculopathy, Disorders of the Non-specific intervertebral discs, Pre-patellar bursitis, Meniscal injuries due to long periods of d e work in kneeling or squatting positions, Unspecified shoulder injuries, Trigger finger.
After applying the REBA method to some workers, it originated conclusions and recommendations to the company and its workers.
Conclusions
The evaluation of disergonomic risks carried out to the workers of the company's steel warehouse was carried out through observation, in order to control the ailments and discomforts that are manifested in various parts of the body of the workers of said company, these Ailments are caused by the bad postures adopted and repetitive movements, which are carried out daily by the workers in their work environment, in which it was observed that the most affected areas are the neck, shoulders, back, forearm, wrist and hand.
For the type of ailments manifested, we base or support the REBA method since this method is in charge of studying the upper parts of the body, evaluating the positions of the workers to study them and in this way apply the necessary corrective actions, according to the results obtained. The employees analyzed under the method yielded a level of 20 and 18 which is an immediate action level, which means that deviations must be corrected immediately.
It is important to mention that the steel warehouse does not meet the necessary and ergonomic conditions suitable for the workers who work there, culminating in our evaluation, it is extremely important to note that what was displayed at the beginning of our evaluation coincided with the analysis.
Recommendations.
Take immediate action to correct dysergonomics in the work environment to avoid occupational diseases.
Adapt workstations according to the physical and ergonomic conditions of the worker.
Workers should not stay in one position for so long and should do stretching exercises from time to time.
Carry out the notifications of risks or safe work analysis (A.S.T) of each worker according to the present disergonomic conditions or any other type of risks existing in the workplace.
Train workers on the positions they must obtain at the time of carrying out their activities, these must be conditioned to each workplace and inform them about inappropriate positions.
Reduce or rotate from time to time the workloads of each of the personnel to avoid stress, fatigue and routine.
Train workers in job safety.
The company must encourage workers with new job satisfaction policies, so that they are motivated with their work.
Design motivational activity plans for workers, and thus improve interpersonal relationships between them.
Prepare an area for the worker to rest during non-working hours or meals
This was done as a field research work in a company in its steel warehouse area, I wanted to share it here at read.cash. We read
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