At present, one of the main problems that is affecting all organizations are those derived from poor working conditions, to which employees are exposed, which implies that they acquire occupational diseases in the short, medium or long term term. The International Labor Organization, (2001), indicates that musculoskeletal disorders constitute one of the most important health problems at work, both in developed and developing countries, most of the musculoskeletal disorders they produce local discomfort or pain and restriction of mobility, which can hamper normal performance at work or in other tasks of daily life. Most are work-related, in the sense that physical activity can aggravate them or cause symptoms related to them, even if the illnesses are not directly caused by work.
According to the Council of the International Ergonomics Association (2000), it defines ergonomics as the scientific discipline related to the understanding of the interactions between human beings and the elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods of design, to optimize human well-being and all system performance. A science in itself, which makes up its body of knowledge based on its experience and a broad base of information from other disciplines such as psychology, physiology, anthropometry, biomechanics, industrial engineering, design and many others. . Develops methods for determining the limits that must not be exceeded by man in different work activities.
In Venezuela, the official figures reported for 2006 by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety Prevention (INPSASEL) diagnosed 2,066 occupational diseases, of which 1,580 cases were due to musculoskeletal injuries: lumbar pain, protrusion and herniated disc; carpal tunnel syndrome, bursitis, representing 77% of all occupational diseases, constituting a public health problem in the world labor, this being one of the most up-to-date results so far, not escaping, so the figures are of much more diseases right now.
Disergonomic Risks
At present, the promotion of health and the prevention of occupational diseases are gaining momentum every day in the field of health in general and particularly in occupational health. The inadequate design of workstations can generate, among other diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, these include a group of conditions that involve nerves, tendons, muscles and support structures such as intervertebral discs, as well as represent a wide range of disorders that can vary in severity from mild periodic symptoms to severe chronic debilitating conditions that can cause pain so severe that it could make it impossible to perform daily tasks, such as dressing, cooking, among others.
Prolonged and repetitive efforts such as: lifting, pulling, pushing or carrying heavy objects, the workload, uncomfortable positions, contribute to this type of injury. The risk will depend on how long the worker is exposed to these conditions. The Organic Law of Prevention, Conditions and Work Environment (LOPCYMAT) 2005. establishes in article 59 (hygiene, safety and ergonomics) that for the purposes of the protection of workers; The work must be carried out in an environment and adequate conditions so that the workers are assured the highest degree of physical and mental health, in addition to adapting the organizational and functional aspects of the methods, systems or procedures used in the execution of the tasks, as well as in the machinery, equipment, tools and work tools, to the characteristics of the workers
Recommendations.
Workers must be trained on appropriate postures and dysergonomic risks, so that in this way, they can achieve the position that best suits them for the performance of their work, so this type of training must be carried out from the beginning of work in the Business, thus preventing these occupational diseases from occurring.
They are recommended to consider including ergonomic chairs that help the workers' postures, so that in this way a better task can be performed for both the company and the best health for the workers.
They should consider, the modification in the designs of the workstations, so that they are modified in this way, these postures and the workers do not show symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion due to the physical discomfort that they may present.
The Priority Should Always Be Occupational Health And Safety.
Raosubterraneo
