Throughout history, hygiene and safety has been conceived as a branch that deals with standards, procedures and strategies aimed at preserving the physical integrity of workers, in this way, said branch is a function of the operations of the company, and is basically aimed at preventing occupational accidents and guaranteeing personal and working conditions capable of maintaining an optimal level of health in workers.
Occupational accidents and diseases not only represent human suffering for the worker and his family, but also high economic costs for the productive sector and society in general. That is why the health and well-being of the working population, and consequently its productivity, are determining factors to achieve economic and social development, for which occupational hygiene and safety must control the risks existing in the work environment, as that these can cause unsafe conditions that lead to accidents or occupational diseases.
Therefore, risk analysis is a key element for planning preventive action in a company, since from this the protection and correction measures that will create adequate health and safety conditions are drawn up and developed. This analysis must be carried out on a mandatory basis and as many times as necessary depending on any change that occurs in the work environment, be it technological, regulatory, procedural, organizational, among others, that affects each and every one of the workers of companies, regardless of their qualification the activity that they develop.
Therefore, it can be complemented that safety at work would be a set of educational, medical and psychological technical measures, used to prevent accidents, eliminate unsafe environmental conditions and instruct or convince people about the implementation of measures preventive. Hence, lies the importance of hygiene and safety within organizations, which allows preventing and reducing accidents and illnesses, as well as preserving the health of workers, maintaining and increasing productivity, and reducing operating costs.
Through proper training of workers in risk prevention, it is possible to ensure that all staff are able to control their actions in an emergency situation. The appropriate techniques and procedures to carry out a correct planning of preventive activities, is based on the initial analysis of the existing risks in the work environment, as well as on various actions that must be framed within the policy of action of both private companies and of public administrations.
The public company is exposed to different types of risks such as: physical risks, mechanical risks, biological risks, disergonomic risks, meteorological risks, psychosocial risks, chemical risks and electrical risks that can alter the correct functioning of its activities, in order to to avoid the materialization of these risks in accidents and to minimize the consequences of the same in case they arrive To occur, the application of security measures is required to help reduce the risks to their lowest possible values.
In this sense, a physical risk is associated with the probability of suffering bodily harm. There are various activities and tasks that present a high physical risk since their development can lead to injuries of different kinds and even, in the event of an error or accident, cause death.
Therefore, the first objective of occupational safety is the reduction and, in its effects, the elimination of occupational risks and illnesses, thus reducing the probability of accidents occurring. The second objective is the minimization of direct and consequential losses when accidents have occurred, acting to reduce the intensity, that is, controlling the accident and losses.
In addition, the relationship between health and work is remarkable since the person, when doing the work produces variations in the environment that surrounds him. These variations can be physical, mental and social, sometimes these changes can affect the health of the worker, damaging her initial balance, a situation she calls health. It is not work, but if the changes that its performance introduces in the environment that can be aggressive for people make possible the existence of some problem in the workplace, in this way the health of workers is determined by the conditions of the environment environment.
The research work will be carried out at the Demaseca company located on the Barquisimeto-Acarigua national highway, km 44, honey sector Gustavo Vegas León Municipality Simón Planas Municipality, it will be developed specifically in the maintenance workshop which has 38 workers and is located in the facilities of the industrial complex in an area dedicated to performing the various preventive maintenance; After an interview with Ingris Rodríguez, the integral security supervisor, it was determined that currently said area does not have a security plan, which generates greater vulnerability to latent risks.
Given the aforementioned, it can be translated into a high probability of accidents and occupational diseases due to the fact that the conditions of the area are not optimal in relation to occupational health and safety, since this area presents a deficiency in signaling and risk assessment to determine the consequences and take preventive measures to mitigate them.
The most common accidents in this area vary between falling from the same level due to the lack of signage, trapped due to the risk of lighting and hit by the tools that are being used due to work stress generated by the environmental heat; Occupational diseases that derive from physical risks would be: long-term hearing loss and muscle injuries; For this reason, it seeks to ensure the basic conditions necessary to allow workers to have access to hygiene, safety and occupational health services, in addition, working conditions are unsafe and not very efficient, increasing risks, incidents and accidents, for lack of essential personal protective equipment and training in procedures, safety habits and occupational health.
The main objective of the study is the analysis of physical risks such as: noise, lighting, ventilation, vibration, temperature, radiation and pressure existing in the maintenance department in the Demaseca company, it is necessary to define the policies that determine how to act In the most common cases in which any problem can be generated in a given system, it is important to consider all maintenance activities, know, study, and identify any type of threats existing in the maintenance department and thus be prepared to repair, avoid breakdowns, reduce wear, improve performance, operational safety, among others.
It is therefore essential that questions are suggested, including the following: What is the current situation in terms of occupational safety in the maintenance department of the Demaseca company? What physical risk factors are present in the maintenance department? in the Demaseca company? And what preventive measures should be applied to reduce the physical risks produced by mechanical equipment in the company's maintenance department?
Research objective
Diagnose the current situation regarding the physical risks to which the maintenance department workers are exposed in the company
Identify the physical risks present in the maintenance department of the company
Determine preventive measures to reduce physical risks in the maintenance department of the company
RESULTS
The information obtained after a tour of the plant with Ing. Ingris Rodríguez was obtained directly from the risks and weaknesses that workers in the company's maintenance area are exposed to, since this area does not have a security plan. which generates greater vulnerability to latent risks such as personal misfortunes and material damage, in view of the above, a high probability of an accident and occupational diseases can be translated, in addition to conversations with workers in the maintenance area, they stated that accidents more common that vary from falls of the same level to being hit by the tools used, to work stress generated by environmental heat due to conditions that are not optimal in relation to occupational health and safety
Conclusions
Once the study of the analysis of physical risks in the maintenance department in the company located in Lara state honey is concluded; supported by the previously stated objectives, the following conclusions could be reached.
An analysis of physical risks makes it possible to determine the probability and severity of the consequences and with this the risk estimation, which will allow the adoption of relevant control measures that mitigate the risk and thus guarantee the worker decent working conditions for the full exercise your skills.
Recommendations
Once the investigation is completed and the results obtained that generated the previous conclusions have been analyzed, the following recommendations can be specified:
Adopt preventive measures that minimize the consequences of the risks studied in order to meet the needs of the maintenance area of said company.
Once the preventive measures have been applied, a meticulous follow-up must be carried out to verify its effectiveness, and if they do not meet the expectations, they must be modified in order to comply with the requirements.
Occupational Safety, Health and Welfare
Raosubterraneo
