🍁Ovaries are the part of female internal genital organ...which are 2 in number.
🍁These are cytogenic reproductive glands which produce germ cells;ovum.
🌀Location :
Ovaries are situated in the lesser pelvis on both side of the uterus.
🌿In nulliparous adult it lies in the ovarian fossa below the pelvic brim.
🌿& in multiparous women it lies in the rectouterine pouch.
👉So what is nulliparous & multiparous??
🌿Nulliparous women are those who didn't given birth to child.
🌿Multiparous women are those who gave birth more than once.
🌿There are differences between nulliparous & multiparous ovary.Follow the picture 1.
👉Now what is ovarian fossa?
🍁It is a peritoneal sac on the lateral pelvic wall.
🍁Boundaries of ovarian fossa:
📍Infront:External iliac vessels obliterated umbilical artery
📍Behind:Internal iliac vessels & ureter.
📍Lateral wall floor:Foemed by parietal peritoneum.
🌀Structure of ovary:
🍁Lining epithelium : Ovary is covered by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells known as germinal epithelium.
🍁The gland consist of:
📍Inner medulla
📍Outer cortex
🌿Medulla is consists of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics,nerves.
🌿Cortex is consists of stroma cells.
📍At birth cortex contain primordial follicle.
📍During puberty to menopause :Primordial follicle is divided into primary,secondary,tertiary follicular stage.Also contain corpus luteum.
📍After menopause :The cortex becomes fibrotic & contains interstitial cells & corpora albicantia.
🌀Blood supply of ovary:
🌿Artery supply :
📍Mainly supplied by Ovarian artery branch of abdominal aorta.
📍Partly supplied by uterine artery branch of internal iliac artery.
🌿Venous drainage :
📍Right ovarian vein branch of Inferior vana cava.
📍Left ovarian vein branch of Renal vein.
🌀Developmental source of ovary:
🌿Oocyte:From dorsal wall of yolk sac.
🌿Follicular cells:From coelomic epithelium.
🌿Interstitial cells:From mesenchyme.
🍁Ovary is a mixed gland.Other mixed glands of body are liver,testis,pancreas.
🌀Ovaries do two reproductive function:
🌿1/Production of female germ cells; the ovum(exocrine function)
🌿2/Production of female sex hormones ;Estrogen & Progesterone. (Endocrine function).
🌀Clinical condition :
Various types of ovarian diseases exist.Such as-
📍Endometriosis
📍Ovarian cyst
📍Ovarian epithelial cancer
📍Polycystic ovary syndrome
🌿Ovarian cyst:
If the eggs(ovum) fails to release from the ovary an ovarian cyst is form.
🌿Ovarian epithelial cancer:
It develops outside the ovary & ultimately spread & affect other organs.
🌿Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgens in females.
Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant.
Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer.
It is sometimes referred to as polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) when there is ultrasonographic evidence of the presence of ovarian cysts.