Menstruation

🎀Menstruation 🎀

🎗The cyclical discharge of blood,unfertilized ovum and certain other substances from the uterus through vagina in the female reproductive life at average interval of 28 days is called menstruation.

🎄Duration:3-5 days...but flow as short as 1-8 days as long.

🎄Amount :Average is 30 ml.

Loss of more then 80 ml is abnormal.

🎄Menstrual blood is predominantly arterial with only 25% of blood being venous origin.

✨Composition of menstrual blood:

🔸Stratum functionale--includes superficial 2/3rd thickness of the endometrium

🔸Mucus

🔸Unfertilized ovum

🔸Fibrinolysin.

✨Menarche :Onset of first menstruation is called menarche occurs at about 8-13 years of age.

✨Mechanism of menstruation :

The menstrual bleeding occurs when ovum fails to fertilize.Corpus luteum in the ovary suddenly involutes and its secretion decrease. So menstruation is caused by the reduction of estrogen and progesterone,, especially progesterone, at the end of the monthly ovarian cycle.

✨Menopause :

The term menopause means cessation of menstruation.

Cessation of menstrual cycle due to unresponsiveness of ovaries,naturally occurring about the age of 45-55 years is called menopause.

✨Cause:

🔹Burning out of ovaries.

🔹Hormonal status:

🎄Decrease estrogen & progesterone.

🎄High level of plasma FSH and LH.

✨Features :

🎄Hot flashes sensation of warmth from the trunk to face.

🎄Night sweet

🎄Fatigue & anxiety

🎄Irritability

🎄Vaginal dryness

🎄Loss of libido

🎄Weight gain.

✨✨Amenorrhea :

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation typicality when 3 or more periods have been missed.

🎗Causes:

▪1/Pregnancy

▪2/Hypothalamic disorders

▪3/Pituitary disorders

▪4/Emotional stimuli..

💠Dysmenorrhea 💠

Also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps,is pain during menstruation. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins.Symptoms typically last less than three days.The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.

✨Causes:

Menstrual cramps by contractions in the uterus (muscle)by a chemical called prostaglandin.The uterus contracts throughout the menstrual cycle but more strongly during menstruation.

💠Menorrhagia💠

Menorrhagia is the term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.

✨Causes:

🎄Hormone imbalance

🎄Dysfunction of the ovaries

🎄Uterine fibroids

🎄Polyps

🎄Adenomyosis

🎄Pregnancy complications.