đˇđˇāĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦā§, #Genetic_Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ đˇđˇ
ââWhat Are The Types: Three Types Of #Genetic_Disorder, They Include:
1âŖ# Single_Gene/#Mendelian đĨē(most Important for Vivaâ â ):āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ single Gene āĻāĻ° Mutation āĻšā§â
âŖAutosomal Dominant Disorders
âŖAutosomal Recessive Disorders
âŖX-Linked Dominant Disorders
âŖX-Linked Recessive Disorders
2âŖ#Complex_Multigenic/Multifactorial Disordersđ: āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž Gene āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ #Environmental_Factor āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ Interaction āĻ āĻāĻ¸ā§â āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨āĻ
âŖCleft Lip, Cleft palate
âŖCongential Heart Disease
âŖPyloric stenosis
âŖDM, HTN
âŖCoronary Heart Disease
đĨāĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨âĄ3CDPH āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§đĨ
3âŖ#Cytogenic/#Chromosomal Disorders: āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ Choromosomal āĻāĻŦāĻ Genomic Mutation āĻšā§ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ(đđMonosomy, Triosomy) & Structural Change āĻšā§â
đđāĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ #Autosome āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§đ
âTriosomy 21(Downs Syndrome)
âTriosomy 18(Edwards Syndrome; Eighteen āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ â E āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§)
âTriosomy 13(Patau Syndrome; â 13 āĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻā§)
đĨđĨāĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ Autosome āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§âĄTriosomyââ
đđāĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ #Sex_Chromosome āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§đ˛đ˛
âKlinefelter syndrome
âTurner Syndrome
âHermaphroditism &
Pseudo Hermaphroditism
ââāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž Mendelian Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦā§āĻ
âĢđĨđĨ#Autosomal_Dominant(#Rare & #Less_severe than #A.Recessive) : Autosome āĻāĻ° Mutation āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§,đđ
đ#Heterozygous_state āĻ āĻšā§â
đ#At least one parent of an index case is usually Affected â
đ#Both male & Female can transmit & become affectedâ
(āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§; â 50% chance to be affectedđĨ)
đđđĩ#Examples āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§â
đđđ*HuntingtonDs,
Neurofibromatosis, PKD, *Von Willebrand Ds, Marfan Syndrome, Familial Hypercholosterolemiaâ
đ´đĨđĨ
#Autosomal_Recessive: āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻŖā§āĻĄā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§āĻžāĻ¨ Disorder āĻ¯āĻž Autsome involvedâāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§, đđ
đ#Homozygous_State āĻ āĻšā§ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ A.Dominant āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻā§đ¤ˇâââ
đ#Risk_Increase in #Consanguineous_Marriage(āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšđ¨âđŠâđĻ)â
đ#Complete_Penetrance is commonđ˛â
đ#Both_Sexes Are Equally AffectedđĢâ
(đđN.B: āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ ; â 25% Chance!!)
đđđĩExamples āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§â
đđđ*Cystic fibrosis,K Phenylkeronuria, Hemocystinuria, *Sickle Cell Anaemia, *Thalassaemia,Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Neurogenic Muscular Atrophyâ
đđN.B đđ.Ehlers-Danlos āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Variants A. Dominant & A.Recessive āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§đđ
đ´đĨđĨ
#X_Linked_Dominant: Few conditions, āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ #Dominant Disease associated Chromosome āĻāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ Sex Chromosome āĻāĻ° Alleles āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§âāĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§,đđ
đAffects #both_sexes but #more in female, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§đĨ!
đNo male to male transmissionđ, but All daughters of Affected Male are Affectedđ!
đđđĩExamples āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋâ
*** Vit-D resistant Rickets
âĢđĨđĨ
#X_Linked_Recessive: āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ Sex linked Disorders āĻ X-Linked āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ RecessiveâāĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŦā§,đđ
đ#Affects usually #MalesđĻ
â
đ No Male to Male #Transmissionđ but All #Daughters are #CarriersđĨâ
(đđ N.B: Heterozygous āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ #Mutant_Gene āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§!!)
đđđĩExamples āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§â
đđđ *Duchene Muscular Dystrophy,*Hemophilia A & B, Chronic granulomatous Ds, Agammaglobunaeminaemia, *Diabetes Insipidus, *Fragile X syndromeâ
āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ #Genetic_Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋđ¤āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŦā§āĻ¨đ