Genetic Disorder

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#Pathology

🏷🏷āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦā§‹, #Genetic_Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ 🏷🏷

⭕⭕What Are The Types: Three Types Of #Genetic_Disorder, They Include:

1âƒŖ# Single_Gene/#Mendelian đŸĨē(most Important for Viva★★):āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ single Gene āĻāĻ° Mutation āĻšā§Ÿâ—

â™ŖAutosomal Dominant Disorders

â™ŖAutosomal Recessive Disorders

â™ŖX-Linked Dominant Disorders

â™ŖX-Linked Recessive Disorders

2âƒŖ#Complex_Multigenic/Multifactorial Disorders😒: āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž Gene āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ #Environmental_Factor āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ Interaction āĻ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡â— āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨āĻƒ

â™ŖCleft Lip, Cleft palate

â™ŖCongential Heart Disease

â™ŖPyloric stenosis

â™ŖDM, HTN

â™ŖCoronary Heart Disease

đŸ’ĨāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨âžĄ3CDPH āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡đŸ’Ĩ

3âƒŖ#Cytogenic/#Chromosomal Disorders: āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ Choromosomal āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Genomic Mutation āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•(🔑🔑Monosomy, Triosomy) & Structural Change āĻšā§Ÿâ—

🔗🔗āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ #Autosome āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§ŸđŸ˜’

➖Triosomy 21(Downs Syndrome)

➖Triosomy 18(Edwards Syndrome; Eighteen āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ ★E āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡)

➖Triosomy 13(Patau Syndrome; ★13 āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡)

đŸ’ĨđŸ’ĨāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡āĻƒ Autosome āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹âžĄTriosomy❗❗

🔗🔗āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ #Sex_Chromosome āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§ŸđŸ˜˛đŸ˜˛

➖Klinefelter syndrome

➖Turner Syndrome

➖Hermaphroditism &

Pseudo Hermaphroditism

⭕⭕āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž Mendelian Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦā§‹āĻƒ

âšĢđŸ’ĨđŸ’Ĩ#Autosomal_Dominant(#Rare & #Less_severe than #A.Recessive) : Autosome āĻāĻ° Mutation āĻāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‹,👉👉

🔑#Heterozygous_state āĻ āĻšā§Ÿâ—

🔑#At least one parent of an index case is usually Affected ❗

🔑#Both male & Female can transmit & become affected❗

(āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡; ★50% chance to be affectedđŸ˜Ĩ)

🔖🔖đŸ”ĩ#Examples āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡â‰

👉👉👉*HuntingtonDs,

Neurofibromatosis, PKD, *Von Willebrand Ds, Marfan Syndrome, Familial Hypercholosterolemia❗

🔴đŸ’ĨđŸ’Ĩ

#Autosomal_Recessive: āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨ Disorder āĻ¯āĻž Autsome involved❗āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‹, 👉👉

🔑#Homozygous_State āĻ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻžā§Ž A.Dominant āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻŸā§‹đŸ¤ˇâ€â™€â—

🔑#Risk_Increase in #Consanguineous_Marriage(āĻ†āĻ¤ā§āĻŽā§€ā§ŸāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšđŸ‘¨â€đŸ‘Šâ€đŸ‘Ļ)❗

🔑#Complete_Penetrance is common😲❗

🔑#Both_Sexes Are Equally AffectedđŸ‘Ģ❗

(📌📌N.B: āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ ; ★25% Chance!!)

🔖🔖đŸ”ĩExamples āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡â‰

👉👉👉*Cystic fibrosis,K Phenylkeronuria, Hemocystinuria, *Sickle Cell Anaemia, *Thalassaemia,Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy❗

🔗📌N.B 📌🔗.Ehlers-Danlos āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ Variants A. Dominant & A.Recessive āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸđŸ”—đŸ”—

🔴đŸ’ĨđŸ’Ĩ

#X_Linked_Dominant: Few conditions, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ #Dominant Disease associated Chromosome āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Sex Chromosome āĻāĻ° Alleles āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡â—āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‹,👉👉

🔑Affects #both_sexes but #more in female, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡đŸ˜Ĩ!

🔑No male to male transmission😀, but All daughters of Affected Male are Affected😒!

🔖🔖đŸ”ĩExamples āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ⁉

*** Vit-D resistant Rickets

âšĢđŸ’ĨđŸ’Ĩ

#X_Linked_Recessive: āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ Sex linked Disorders āĻ‡ X-Linked āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‡ Recessive❗āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‹,👉👉

🔑#Affects usually #MalesđŸ‘Ļ

❗

🔑 No Male to Male #Transmission😀 but All #Daughters are #CarriersđŸ˜Ĩ❗

(📌📌 N.B: Heterozygous āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ #Mutant_Gene āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡!!)

🔖🔖đŸ”ĩExamples āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡â‰

👉👉👉 *Duchene Muscular Dystrophy,*Hemophilia A & B, Chronic granulomatous Ds, Agammaglobunaeminaemia, *Diabetes Insipidus, *Fragile X syndrome❗

āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ #Genetic_Disorder āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ🤭āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨đŸ˜ƒ

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