Community Medicine (Polio)

What is poliomyelitis??🤷‍♀

🔴🔴Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by an RNA virus which is primarily an infection of the human alimentary tract but the virus may infect the central nervous system in a very small percentage(1%) of cases in varying degrees of paralysis and possibly death🔴🔴

এবার আসি Polio এর Epidemiology নিয়ে👉👉

🔷Agent factors:

⬛Agent:Poliovirus(It is an RNA enterovirus)

⬛Reservoir of infection:Man is the only known reservoir of infection.Most infections are subclinical.

⬛Infectious material:Faeces & oropharyngeal secretions of an infected person

⬛Period of communicability :7-10days

🔷Host factors:

◾Age:Occurs in all age group but children are more susceptible than adults

◾Sex:Male:female=3:1

◾Risk factors:

👉Trauma

👉Fatigue

👉Intramuscular injection

👉Operative procedures such as tonsillectomy

🔷Environmental factors:

◾Season:more in rainy season

◾Contaminated water,food,and flies and overcrowding are important contributory factors

🔷Mode of transmission :

◾Faeco-oral route:Main route of spread in developing countries

◾Droplet infection:More important during epidemic and where sanitation is good(developed countries)

🔷Incubation period:7-14days(Range 3-35days)

এবার জেনে নেই "CLINICAL SPRECTRUM OF POLIO"💁💁

1⃣In-apparant polio/Subclinical infection:

🔸This occurs in 91-96%of infections

🔸No sign & symptom

🔸Virus can be isolated from stool

🔸Rising antibody titre

2⃣Abortive polio/minor illness:

🔸This occurs in 4-8% infections

🔸Mild or self-limiting illness due to viraemia

🔸Patient recovers quickly

🔸Diagnosis can't be made clinically

🔸Virus can be isolated from stool

🔸Rising antibody titre

3⃣Non-paralytic polio:

🔸1%infection

🔸Sign & symptom-stiffness and pain in the neck and back

🔸Disease last for 2-10days.Recovery is rapid.

🔸Similar to aseptic meningitis

4⃣Paralytic polio:

🔸Occurs in <1% of infections

🔸Invades CNS & causes asymmetrical flaccid type of paralysis

🔸A history of fever at the time of onset of paralysis is suggestive of polio

5⃣Other associated symptoms:

🔸Malaise

🔸Constipation

🔸Anorexia

🔸Abdominal pain

🔸Nausea

🔸Headache

🔸Sore throat

এখন আসি কীভাবে Polio কে Prevent করা যায়👉👉

Immunization is the sole effective means of preventing poliomyelitis.এজন্য ২ধরনের vaccine ব্যবহার করা হয়ে থাকে➡

1⃣Inactivated(Salk) polio vaccine (IPV)

2⃣Oral(Sabin) polio vaccine(OPV)

এদের Dose schedule হল➡

🔴OPV:total 3dose যেগুলা 4week interval এ 6,10,14 week এ দিতে হবে ২ড্রপ করে

IPV:total 2dose যেগুলা 8week interval এ 6,14week এ দিতে হবে .1ml করে🔴

এদের মধ্যে পার্থক্য জানতে নিচের ১নং ছবি দেখুন💁

খুশির কথা হচ্ছে Polio কে eradicate করা যায়🤗তাহলে জেনে নেই কেন করা যায় 🤷‍♀👉

✅Man is the only host

✅No long term carrier state

✅OPV is cheap & easy to administer

✅Half-life of excreted virus is 48hours & spread can only occur during this period

✅Live attenuated viruses in OPV multipy in intestine & interrupt the transmission of the wild viruses

✅OPV induces both humoral & intestinal immunity

✅Antibody is quickly produced

✅Viruses can be transmitted from a recently vaccinated child to close contacts who have not immunized

✅No insect,vector,animal is involved in the transmission of disease

✅Having international cooperation(NID)