#General_Pharmacology
#Antibioticsđ§Š
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ANTIBIOTICS:
Antibiotics are used to augment the body immunity to eradicate the infection or prevent the condition from becoming worse. Lifethreatening conditions, like Ludwigâs angina, may arise from dental infections. Bacterial endocarditis is another example of lifethreatening infection-related to dental procedures, although the role of the dentist is actually preventive
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Top 10 List of Common Infections Treated with
Antibiotics
âĢAcne
âĢBronchitis
âĢConjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
âĢOtitis Media (Ear Infection)
âĢSexually Transmitted Diseases (STDâs)
âĢSkin or Soft Tissue Infection
âĢStreptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
âĢTravelerâs diarrhea
âĢUpper Respiratory Tract Infection
âĢUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Top 10 List of Generic Antibiotics
âĢamoxicillin
âĢdoxycycline
âĢcephalexin
âĢciprofloxacin
âĢclindamycin
âĢmetronidazole
âĢazithromycin
âĢsulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
âĢamoxicillin and clavulanate
âĢlevofloxacin
Top 10 List of Brand Name Antibiotics
âĢAugmentin
âĢFlagyl, Flagyl ER
âĢAmoxil
âĢCipro
âĢKeflex
âĢBactrim, Bactrim DS
âĢLevaquin
âĢZithromax
âĢAvelox
âĢCleocin
Top 10 List of Antibiotic Classes (Types of Antibiotics)
âĢPenicillins
âĢTetracyclines
âĢCephalosporins
âĢQuinolones
âĢLincomycins
âĢMacrolides
âĢSulfonamides
âĢGlycopeptides
âĢAminoglycosides
âĢCarbapenems
TAKING ANTIBIOTICS:
Youâve most likely taken an antibiotic or anti-infective at least once in your lifetime. From treatments for painful strep throat or ear infections as a child, to burning urinary tract infections or itchy skin infections as an adult, antibiotics are one of the most highly utilized and important medication classes we have in medicine.
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MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MOST
COMMONLY ANTIBIOTIC USED:
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Inhibition of cell wall synthesis:
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âĢβ-lactam group
âĢPenicillins
âĢCephalosporins
âĢGlycopeptides
âĢMacrolides
Inhibition of protein synthesis:
(āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻž)
âĢLincomycins
âĢTetracyclines
âĢAminoglycosides
Interference with DNA:
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âĢNitroimidazoles
âĢFluoroquinolones
MAJOR RISKS OF ANTIBIOTIC USED:
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đAllergic reactions ranging from severe anaphylactic reactions to simple rashes.
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đGastrointestinal irritation like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
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đHepatotoxicity affecting liver functions.
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đNephrotoxicity affecting renal functions.
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đOtotoxicity due to accumulation in the perilymph and endolymph of inner ear.
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đSuperinfections as candidiasis and pseudomembranous colitis; mainly due to alteration of the normal flora.
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