The condition of the patient or injured person and the surrounding situation should be well understood and some other issues should be considered before and during the delivery of first aid. Those issues will also be in today's article.
The purpose and importance of first aid
If a person has an accident, it is not enough to give him first aid, he must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible for full treatment, which only a professional doctor can provide. But in some cases the importance of first aid can be immense. Because it can save a patient from getting paralyzed and in some cases can also play a role in saving his life. Even if you have some basic idea about first aid, sometimes it can be useful for yourself. In addition, basic knowledge of first aid helps to determine which task needs to be done first, or to make a quick decision.
There are three main purposes of providing first aid:
To save the life of the injured person.
Minimize further damage and ensure that he is not re-injured.
Helping to heal his injury or illness.
Early preparation for first aid
Before giving first aid, make sure the environment is safe. That is to say, the reason why the injured or sick person is injured is not likely to happen again, it must be confirmed. Because, if the injured person gets injured again or the person who will provide first aid gets injured himself, the danger may increase. So it is important to ensure the safety of both first. First aid must then be provided and at the same time arrangements need to be made to take the patient to the hospital to provide advanced treatment on an urgent basis if necessary, or to establish prompt contact with the appropriate authority. You must remember the helpline number to ask for help in any emergency.
It is to be noted that if the injury is severe, first aid is by no means sufficient, and it is imperative to seek better treatment as soon as possible. Now let's learn about some of the emergencies where first aid can be very urgent. At the same time, let us know what can be done in such a situation.
When someone becomes unconscious
A person can become unconscious due to various reasons. For example, if you are seriously injured, terrified, drowned or due to other physical problems or illness.
If a person has completely lost consciousness or seems to have lost consciousness, the first thing to check is whether his breathing is normal. If his breathing is normal, then the first thing to do is to keep his body in a special position, this is called the 'recovery position'. However, it is important to keep in mind that if the patient feels severe pain in his spinal cord or neck, it is best to keep him lying down as he is, as long as he is breathing normally. The sooner advanced treatment can be provided in such a situation, the better for the patient.
Rules for keeping unconscious person in 'recovery position'-
Another possible situation is that the person who has lost consciousness is not breathing properly. What can be done? In this case, one thing needs to be clear, normal breathing will be regular. This means that the patient does not have to gain much speed to breathe and it will not be irregular. Remember, the patient's irregular breathing or breathing is not normal breathing.
In such cases, CPR must be given to the patient. Training is needed to give CPR properly. However, how CPR can be given in an emergency without training will be discussed later in this article.
When exposed to electricity
A person may be electrocuted at home or at work by electrical wires or appliances, by electric poles or torn wires on the road, or by lightning. How much damage a person will suffer as a result of electric shock or electric shock depends on a number of factors, such as the nature of the electricity, the quality of the voltage, how the electricity is transmitted through the victim's body, his health condition, and how quickly he is treated.
Electric shock can damage a person's body in many ways. In most cases, however, it has an adverse effect on the heart, which cannot be seen or understood from the outside. So there is no way to understand exactly how safe a person is without any kind of electric shock if he does not see a doctor. The first thing to do when someone is electrocuted is to disconnect the person from the power source, and this must be done in a safe manner.
The best way to do this is to turn off the main switch (in the case of home and work) of the electrical source. It is very difficult to say for sure whether the power supply has stopped if the main switch is not turned off. In this case, going to or touching an electrician can be dangerous. Instead, to isolate the person from the source of electricity (such as an electric wire or electrical device), he should use a dry and long, non-conductive material as far away as possible without touching it directly. At the same time, you should wear dry plastic or rubber shoes and make sure that no part of the body touches the walls or the floor.
Some electrically conductive materials available at hand, which can be used-
Perfectly dried wood
Any object of completely dry plastic
Any object with a dry, thick rubber handle (should be held in the handle, not elsewhere)
Completely dried bamboo or bamboo twigs
Some substances that are available at hand that cannot be used-
Anything metallic
Wet wood or wet bamboo pieces or raw bamboo
Any object of wet or oily plastic
Something made of clay, such as a brick or clay flower tub
Cloth or paper or polythene
Anything wet
Electrical wires or poles outside the house, i.e. around the road or above, are usually very dangerous as they have very high voltage current. If someone is exposed to electricity at such a source, it is quite dangerous to approach him. Or if a high-voltage electric wire ruptures and falls on a vehicle, it is much more dangerous to approach the vehicle and try to rescue the occupants.
It is recommended by the appropriate authorities to maintain a distance of at least 10 feet (if possible, much more) from high voltage electrical wires. In this case, the safest thing to do is to contact the emergency hotline (hotline number 999 for any urgent need in Bangladesh) as soon as possible without trying to rescue the person who has been electrocuted. Request for rescue.
If a person exposed to electricity is disconnected or rescued from an electrical source and there is no hospital nearby, he may need to be given first aid. If the current level is not very high, there may be no signs of external damage in the person exposed to electricity. However, a doctor should be consulted to diagnose and treat any possible internal damage, as most of the damage caused by electric shock is to the internal organs. If the skin of a person exposed to electricity is burnt somewhere, it is necessary to take care of the area in the right way as a first aid and take him to the hospital immediately.
These symptoms should be taken very seriously if the body of the person exposed to electrocution starts to cool down quickly, has difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, faints, pain or cramps in various muscles of the body and should be rushed to the hospital without wasting any time. . CPR should be started when the patient stops breathing or heartbeat.
Heart attack
The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body. We often hear about different types of heart disease. Heart disease only occurs after a certain age - this is a common misconception. Heart disease can occur at any age due to lifestyle, various habits and various known and unknown physical conditions, which can lead to heart attack.
Since a heart attack is a very probable and common occurrence, it is good to know what to do if someone suffers from it. But first you should know the symptoms. The symptoms of a heart attack vary from person to person, but the most common are:
Mild to severe pain may be felt in the middle of the chest or slightly to the left along the middle. At this time it is usually felt that something is pressed or gripped on the chest. In some cases, the pain may spread from the bottom of the chest to the lower abdomen, or to the neck, jaw or neck above the chest, or to the arms of both hands, especially the left hand. However, women, the elderly, and people with diabetes are less likely to have chest pain during a heart attack. So this should not be considered as the only symptom, other symptoms should also be taken seriously.
There may be some discomfort while breathing.
It can cause discomfort and sweating for no reason.
May cause nausea or vomiting.
Near the chest or any part of the body may feel numb.
Feeling dizzy and suddenly feeling sick. The patient may even become unconscious.
If you know the above symptoms, you can guess whether a person has had a heart attack by looking at the symptoms. The first thing to do after a heart attack is to put the affected person in as comfortable a position as possible, so that his pain is lessened and he can breathe better. When lying down, make sure that he is able to breathe properly while lying down, otherwise he should be put in a comfortable position. Her clothes should be loosened as much as possible. He needs to be reassured that proper treatment is being provided and that he does not have to worry unnecessarily.
If the infected person is an adult (usually 18+ years old) and is not allergic to aspirin, he or she should be given an aspirin tablet. Whether it is possible to take aspirin or not, he should be taken to the hospital on an urgent basis. If proper treatment is not given at the right time after a heart attack, some parts of the patient's heart may become permanently useless, which can lead to death. And even if death does not happen, you may have to suffer paralysis for the rest of your life. So anyway, after a heart attack, you need to get proper treatment quickly.
After a heart attack, sometimes the patient may become unconscious and stop breathing. In such a case, no response can be received from the patient. In the worst case scenario the patient may have a 'cardiac arrest'. It is a condition in which the heart stops pumping blood throughout the body, i.e. the heart stops. In such cases, the patient should be given CPR immediately, or at least 'chest compression'. If the patient vomits and becomes unconscious, care should be taken to ensure that the vomiting stops in his or her trachea. If vomiting occurs, it is better to lay the patient on one side. (How CPR is provided is discussed in the next section.)
Stroke
It would probably not be wrong to call the brain the most important part of the human body. On average, a person's brain mass is only 2% of their total body mass. However, in daily life, the brain uses about 20% -25% of the total energy used by a normal human being; What a monstrous matter-sapper!
This energy is supplied to the brain through the bloodstream. If for some reason the blood flow to any part of the brain is obstructed, the condition that arises is called a stroke in medical parlance. Stroke is a very important medical condition. Stroke should not be taken lightly at all if there is the slightest doubt. Signs that a person may have had a stroke
In most cases, the affected person's body or any part of the body becomes numb or loses performance.
The affected person's face or one side of the mouth may be bent. If you tell him to smile, he may not be able to bend his lips properly while trying to smile or try to smile.
If you ask him to raise both hands, he may fail to do so. Or he may not be able to lift one hand (or both hands). And even if you can raise your hand, you may not be able to hold it.
Trying to speak can lead to entanglement or incoherent speech, a complete failure to say a sentence, or he may not be able to speak at all.
May cause severe headaches. Even if he can't talk about the headache, he may try to explain it in gestures.
May cause nausea or vomiting.
The infected person may lose balance in walking, talking or gait.
Eyesight may be impaired. He may see blurred vision or see multiple objects in place of one object, or may not see well at all.
The patient may become unconscious.
Stroke sufferers usually have one or more of the above symptoms. If a stroke is suspected, the patient should first stop walking and excessive movement. He should be seated or laid down in a comfortable position and any food or anything in his mouth should be taken out.
If possible, the patient should be supported with a pillow under the shoulders and head so that he feels comfortable. The clothes of the patient should be loosened and care should be taken to keep his body moderately warm. After a stroke, patients usually fail to communicate their problems by communicating with others and are panicked by the sudden change in their condition. He needs to be reassured that his condition is being treated and that he is being treated quickly. When the patient becomes unconscious, it is better to lay him down on one side.
Every moment after a stroke is important, because if it is not treated as soon as possible, its brain cells will continue to be damaged. As a result, the patient can go from permanent paralysis to death. So an ambulance or hospital should be arranged as soon as possible. There should be someone by his side to take care of the patient at every moment before reaching the hospital.
CPR
CPR is probably the most important medical procedure for providing first aid in an emergency. If for some reason a person's breathing or heartbeat or both stops and it is not possible to get to the hospital very quickly, CPR as first aid is probably the best way to help the patient. The full form of CPR is 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation'. The CPR method can be applied in two ways-
(1) Hands-only CPR or chest compression - In this process, the patient first has to lie down straight and sit on one side. The lower part of the palm of one hand (just above the wrist) is then placed in the middle of the patient's chest. The lower part of the palm of the other hand is placed on the back of the first hand and its fingers are placed between the fingers of the first hand and the two hands are held firmly together (interlocking). The elbow is then straightened and the patient is leaned on his chest and pressed hard. The rate of pressure should be 100-120 times per minute and the patient's chest should be compressed about 2 inches or 5 centimeters inwards. As a result of this pressure, even if the heartbeat does not resume, the patient's blood may continue to circulate temporarily and the various organs may survive for some time.
CPR
CPR is probably the most important medical procedure for providing first aid in an emergency. If for some reason a person's breathing or heartbeat or both stops and it is not possible to get to the hospital very quickly, CPR as first aid is probably the best way to help the patient. The full form of CPR is 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation'. The CPR method can be applied in two ways-
(1) Hands-only CPR or chest compression - In this process, the patient first has to lie down straight and sit on one side. The lower part of the palm of one hand (just above the wrist) is then placed in the middle of the patient's chest. The lower part of the palm of the other hand is placed on the back of the first hand and its fingers are placed between the fingers of the first hand and the two hands are held firmly together (interlocking). The elbow is then straightened and the patient is leaned on his chest and pressed hard. The rate of pressure should be 100-120 times per minute and the patient's chest should be compressed about 2 inches or 5 centimeters inwards. Aas a result of this pressure, even if the heartbeat does not resume, the patient's blood may continue to circulate temporarily and the various organs may survive for some time.
However, during the rescue breath, the patient may breathe and exchange germs with the person giving the CPR. Special types of masks are available to do this job safely. If not, it is better to give only hands-only CPR.
The procedure for CPR is different for children, especially children under 1 year of age. For children under 1 year of age, two fingers should be used instead of the palm of the hand when compressing the chest, and pressure should be applied to the bone along the middle of the chest (the degree of contraction will be approximately 4 cm).
Anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions
By 'allergy', most of us people usually understand swelling of the skin in different parts of the body and itching there. However, this allergic reaction can also occur inside the skin. When it gets worse, a complex condition called 'anaphylaxis' develops, which in some cases can endanger the life of the infected person unless the necessary treatment is provided as soon as possible. As we know, in case of allergies, some ingredients usually play a role as an influencer or causative agent. It can be any kind of food, medicine, insect bites, flower pollen or dust and various other ingredients. These same influencers can also cause anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions.
Anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions can cause some symptoms, but may vary from person to person. Some common symptoms are-
Some skin reactions are similar to those of common allergies. For example, swelling and itching of the skin in different parts of the body (face, eyes, throat, lips, etc.).
The skin may become pale or reddish.
The inside of the throat, i.e. the trachea, becomes swollen and it may be difficult to breathe. There may be noises while breathing.
May cause dizziness, nausea or vomiting.
Heart rate may change. That is, the heart rate may decrease or increase.
The affected person may feel uncomfortable for no reason.
As mentioned earlier, anaphylaxis can be life threatening if left untreated. However, in this situation it is necessary to work in a cold head without panic. In such cases, the first thing to do is to ask the infected person if he has any kind of medicine for allergy or anaphylaxis. If so, you need to help her take the medicine or look at the instructions on the medicine. People who have more allergy problems usually know this in advance and some people even take medicine with them. However, if an allergic reaction is caused by the bite of an insect such as a bee or wasp, the sting should be removed from the skin if possible before applying the drug. The patient should be kept in as comfortable a position as possible after or without medication. If breathing is not a problem, Then it is better to lay him straight. Pregnant women should lie on their left side.
If the patient has difficulty breathing, he should be placed in a comfortable position. At the same time, if the clothes he is wearing are tight, they should be loosened and covered with the necessary clothes to keep the patient's body warm. The patient should not be allowed to move fast, such as suddenly getting up from a seat or walking.
In the worst case scenario, the patient may stop breathing, in which case he should be given CPR. Keep in mind, antihistamines alone may not be very effective in treating such severe allergic reactions. Therefore, the patient must be treated as soon as possible. It is best not to give the patient anything to eat until he is taken to the hospital.
Heavy bleeding
Bleeding usually occurs when there is cut or skin on the body. If the level of the incision is small to moderate, there is little bleeding or the bleeding stops automatically. In these cases, after the bleeding has stopped, the wound may be cleansed with clean water or antiseptic solution and bandaged so that it does not come in contact with dirt and anything else. If he goes to the doctor later, he will provide the necessary treatment.
But if the wound is deep or cuts across a large area, the bleeding can be very severe. In such a situation, a trained person is also required for the first aid or first aid of the sick or injured person. In this situation it is not possible to do much without proper training, but to help the injured person as much as possible. If you have been wearing latex gloves before, you must wear them.
The most important thing in case of excessive bleeding is to stop the bleeding anyway. However, at this time it should be made sure that there is something stuck or stuck in the wound of the injured person, i.e. from where the bleeding is taking place. If possible, if there is any cloth on the wound, it should be removed or cut.
If an object is stuck or stuck in the wound, and the object is not something tiny, then under no circumstances should it be attempted to pull it out of the wound. This is because the level of bleeding from the wound may increase and it may get out of control. In such cases, a clean gauze pad (or alternatively a clean cloth) should be applied to the affected area for a long time to keep the bleeding at bay. Care should be taken not to put any pressure on the object.
Then the whole wound should be bandaged by lifting it with some gauze pads around the object so that it does not put pressure on the object. If nothing is stuck in the wound, apply pressure directly to the wound with a clean gauze pad (or alternatively a clean cloth). If the gauze pad is soaked in blood and continues to bleed through it, it cannot be removed. Instead, in this case, you have to put another pad on the first yard pad and hold it with the same pressure as before.
To reduce bleeding as much as possible, the wound site should be kept as high as possible from the position of the chest or heart so that less blood flows to that area. If the wound is in the hand, it is better to keep the hand high or if the wound is in the leg, it is better to keep the injured person lying down and keep the leg high. This can stop the bleeding quickly.
In case of excessive bleeding, this step is the most important step to stop the bleeding. The life and death of the injured person may depend on this step. Once the bleeding has stopped, the gauze pads can be covered with medical tape or tied with a ruler bandage to hold them in place.
Then it is necessary to take the injured person to the hospital on an emergency basis. This is because the loss of a certain amount of blood from the body can be fatal. The patient should be wrapped in a cloth to keep his body warm; When a certain amount of blood leaves the body, the body may not be able to generate more heat than itself. The patient should be kept lying down if possible and the wound site should not be moved. Even if the bleeding has stopped, the bandage or dressing cannot be removed before reaching the hospital.
Another thing to note in this case is that if any part of one's body like finger or hand becomes detached from the body, then that part should be put in a polythene bag without washing it. Then the polythene bag has to be submerged in ice or cold water and taken to the hospital with the patient. However, care should be taken that ice cubes or water do not come in direct contact with the limb.
When burned
A part of the body can be burned in several ways, (1) by direct contact with fire or a heated object, (2) by exposure to electricity, or (3) by contact with a chemical.
No matter how much a person's body or any part of the body is burned, the first thing to do is not to let it burn more. To do that-
In case of burns in contact with a fire or heated object, the victim should be removed from the fire or heated object and brought to a cold or relatively cold place. If it catches fire, he should be rolled on the ground and something heavy, such as a blanket, a heavy sheet, a heavy sack or a heavy cloth, should be used to extinguish the fire quickly.
In the case of a person exposed to electricity, he must first ensure his own safety and be disconnected from the source of electricity.
In case of burns under the influence of chemicals, the chemicals on the skin of the burnt person should be cleaned somehow. In this case, care should be taken that the chemical does not get anywhere else on the body of the affected person or the skin of the person helping him.
There are several types of skin burns on the human body . Depending on the extent of the damage, the burning or burning of any part of the human body is usually divided into 3 parts.
In the first part, there are combustion cases in which only the outer layer of the skin is damaged. This type of burn usually occurs when the skin is exposed to hot objects or exposed to the sun for a long time. In this case, the first treatment is to pour cold water on the wound for a long time. This type of combustion is less likely to cause infection and in most cases it heals on its own. However, if you seek the help of a doctor, he usually advises you to use some kind of ointment or any other medicine.
In the case of the second type of combustion, the effect of the damage penetrates the first layer of the skin and enters the innermost layer. In this case, blisters or rashes can usually appear on the skin. Such burns usually occur for a short time in direct contact with fire or for a long time in contact with a heated object. In this case, the rash can not be cracked or pierced under any circumstances. After pouring water for a long time (about 20 minutes) you need to seek medical help.
However, in the above two cases, if a large part of the skin is burnt, you have to be careful in pouring water. Prolonged exposure to cold water, especially in children and the elderly, can lead to severe drop in body temperature and hypothermia.
In the case of the third and most severe type of combustion, the effects of damage can reach the bones by penetrating several layers of the skin! Such burns are usually caused by severe electrical exposure, prolonged exposure to hot objects or fires, or exposure to harmful chemicals.
In this case, if there is any cloth or any kind of wearable material around the burnt area, it should be removed as much as possible, unless it is stuck in the burnt area. In case of such combustion, the place should be covered with clean gauze pad or bandage or clean cloth without pouring water. At this time care should be taken that the bandage is not too tight and the bandage or cloth used should be such that no thread or thread should come out of it and stick to the wound. If possible, the wound should be elevated above the heart position and rushed to the hospital.
The above mentioned combustion events are seen to occur only on the outer part of the skin. However, another type of horrible burning occurs inside the body, the effects of which are very severe but in most cases are not understood from the outside. That is the burning of the respiratory tract . Of the internal organs of the human body, only the lungs are directly connected to the external environment through the respiratory tract.
If a person is stuck in a very hot environment for some time, the toxic chemicals along with the hot air or hot air can enter the body with his breath and burn from the trachea to the lungs. Because of the clothes on the person's body, his body may not be so burnt, so it may seem that he is safe. But the amount can be very frightening if he is not taken to the hospital very quickly and in a timely manner.
The only thing to do in this case is to take the victim to the hospital immediately. A person suffering from respiratory tract burns may have difficulty breathing, oxygen may not enter his body properly even if he breathes, and he may even become unconscious. When a fire breaks out in a fire-affected area or an installation or a large area, most of the people trapped inside the area are primarily victims of internal or respiratory burns.
If something gets stuck in the throat or trachea
Almost every human being has something stuck in the throat or trachea once or more in their lifetime (mostly food). But in most cases we are able to swallow the substance or it comes out with a cough, so we survive. And for those who have never had one, there is no guarantee that it will never happen again. So it is good to know what to do when something gets stuck in the throat or trachea .
If something gets stuck in someone's throat or trachea, and if the person can talk or breathe in any way, they are told to coughing or vomiting to get the stuck object out and until the object comes out. Keep trying.
If a food or object gets completely stuck in the throat or trachea, the person at risk will not be able to speak, cough or make noises. This is a very urgent situation. In this case, try to bring the object out by applying sudden pressure on different parts of the torso of the endangered person.
If a child is less than 1 year old, his bones and internal organs are in a very fragile condition. Therefore, special care must be taken in his case . To help with this type of baby, first sit down somewhere by yourself, place the baby upside down on any one of your thighs (or hands) so that his chest and abdomen are attached to your thighs. Hold his head with one hand. With the lower part of the palm of the other hand, slap a little along the middle of the two shoulder blades on his back and do this five times in a row. If this does not work, turn the baby upside down and straighten his back on your thighs and hold his head with one hand. Place the two fingers of the other hand on the bone along the middle of his chest and press five times with both fingers, a little louder. If this does not work, repeat the first procedure.
This process should continue until the object comes out. However, when doing these tasks, you need to call someone for other help, such as a quick doctor or an ambulance.
In the case of children and adults over 1 year of age, you have to sit on one side of the person's back and kneel or stand, then lean his head forward and hold one hand in front of his chest so that the weight of his chest falls on your hand. Then with the lower part of the palm of the other hand on his back, in the middle of the two shoulder blades should be slapped 5 times in a row. If this does not work, i.e. if the object does not come out, pressure / push should be applied on the abdomen (this cannot be done in the case of pregnant women).
To do this, go behind the endangered person and position yourself so that your chest rests on the person's waist. In this case, one of your hands goes over the person's waist and touches his stomach. He should grip the palm of the hand and hold it just above the navel of the person, turn the palm of the other hand in the same way and place it on the other hand. In this condition, you have to press the inside of the abdomen like a jerk, five times in a row. If this does not work, try again.
This should be repeated until the object comes out and at the same time seek the help of another person to contact the hospital or ambulance quickly. CPR should be given if the endangered person is unable to breathe or have a heartbeat after the object has come out.
Now the question is, if something gets stuck in your throat or trachea and there is no one to help, what can be done? Many may try to get someone's attention by making loud noises with what is available at hand, which is also a good way. However, if no help is available, in such a situation, keeping your head as cool as possible, you have to press your lower abdomen with a table, chair or any other furniture or any hard and immovable medium and apply strong pressure on your abdomen with both hands. You must lean forward to do this.
Bite or scratch of poisonous insects and other animals
No matter what environment we live in, naturally some animals of other species are always our neighbors. We face them at different times. Most of the time we don't have much interaction with them. But if we never get along with them, they can bite or scratch us.
Most animal bites are non-toxic. However, every animal has saliva in their mouth or some bacteria or virus in their blood, which can be very harmful to human body. Therefore, the bite or scratch of the seemingly innocent and harmless animal should also be taken seriously.
First comes the smallest creatures, the insects. Not all insects are invasive, but most of those that are invasive usually sting our bodies when they bite, and those stings are toxic in varying degrees. However, the effects of this toxicity vary from person to person. In most cases, people who have severe allergy problems or whose skin is very sensitive are at relatively higher risk.
If a poisonous insect bites, the area should be washed immediately with soap and water. If a bee or wasp bites, the sting should be removed from the affected area before washing, otherwise more toxins may enter the bloodstream. Then you have to put something ice or cold in that place. If there is severe pain or swelling in the affected area, a doctor should be consulted immediately.
Then there is the bite of a poisonous animal with teeth. This class of animals includes poisonous snakes and spiders. However, it is important to keep in mind that only a few species of snakes and spiders are highly venomous. The rest is mostly mild-toxic or non-toxic. However, if they are infected by them and have no idea which one is poisonous or non-toxic, the bite of any animal of this class should be considered as dangerous. However, there are some signs of venomous snake and spider bites that can distinguish them from non-venomous species. Some common symptoms are-
Severe pain will be felt in the affected area and swelling may occur. The pain may start after a while without starting with the bite. In some cases the pain will not be felt at all at first.
May cause nausea or vomiting. May cause severe abdominal pain.
Headache, feeling very weak, drowsiness or drowsiness.
Extremely venomous spider bites can cause the heart rate to skyrocket and blood pressure to rise significantly.
If a poisonous snake or spider bites, you must first move away from the scene and move safely. If possible, the shape and color of the snake or spider should be taken into consideration or if there is someone with it and if possible it is better to take a picture of it from a safe distance with a smartphone. This is because it makes it easier for the doctor to identify the animal and to quickly give the appropriate anti-venom or treatment. However, this should not be done at risk.
Strategies for applying the 'pressure immobilization' process
Once infected, the patient should lie down or be seated and not be allowed to move. It is not advisable to remove or wash the venom from the infected area, as by examining it the doctor can get an idea of which animal has bitten the infected person. The patient's affected arm or leg is usually tied with a 'pressure immobilization' procedure to prevent the toxin from spreading quickly.
In this process, many parts above and below the bite site are usually tied tightly with elastic bandages or crepe bandages. However, it cannot be tied in such a way that the blood flow to the affected hand or foot is completely stopped. After tying, it is important to make sure that at least one finger is inserted through the bandage. The purpose of the 'pressure immobilization' process is to reduce blood flow to the affected organ, not to stop it completely. The sooner an infected person is taken to the hospital, the more likely he or she is to survive. Even if a venomous snake or spider bite does not kill, it can spread a variety of diseases, so it is advisable to seek medical attention.
At the end of it all there are relatively large animals. Almost all of these animals are mammals, some of which are carnivores. Their bites or scratches do not usually spread poison. However, bleeding and various types of deadly diseases can be transmitted. Such as- bats, dogs, cats, foxes, various wild animals etc. The bite of such animals should be stopped first and the wound should be washed well with soapy water. If possible, wipe the wound with a clean towel or something and take it to the hospital.
Poisoning
A person can be poisoned in many ways. For example, by swallowing a poisonous substance, by inhaling poisonous gas, by touching a poisonous substance, or by injecting a toxic chemical directly into the bloodstream with a syringe. The most common causes of poisoning in the human body are:
Swallowing some cosmetics.
Taking expired or overdose drugs.
Different types of cleansers such as bleaching powder, herpes, glass cleaner.
Insecticides or insect repellents / drugs in the stomach.
Eat a few varieties of vegetable ingredients and mushrooms.
Taking some toxic gaseous / volatile substances including carbon-monoxide.
Excessive alcohol consumption and other drug use.
Taking food and medicine for different pets.
Touching or smelling an unknown chemical in various industries or chemical laboratories.
Toxic substances can enter the human body in a variety of ways.
Generally, children aged 1-5 years are at higher risk of getting poisoned by swallowing various objects. One can also take something poisonous in various ways for the purpose of harming oneself. Sometimes a food or medicine can poison a person's stomach or body completely unexpectedly.
It is better to take someone to the hospital quickly than to try to diagnose the severity of the poisoning. Otherwise the life of that person may be endangered. If someone is poisoned, it can be guessed by looking at some of the symptoms. A person suffering from poisoning-
The inside of the mouth, the area around the tongue and lips may become red or glowing.
His breath may have an unusual odor of gasoline or any other chemical substance.
May cause shortness of breath.
May cause nausea or vomiting.
There may be drowsiness.
There may be severe burning or pain from the mouth to the throat to the stomach.
Chest and head pain may occur.
Vision may become blurred.
Skin may become pale / colorless or bluish in different parts of the body.
Combining some of the above symptoms, it can be assumed that a person has been poisoned.
If someone is poisoned by swallowing or injecting something, the people who help him often try to give him water without knowing it or encourage him to vomit. These things cannot be done at all. If the infected person vomits on his own, he should be taken to the ambulance or hospital immediately. If possible, some parts of her vomit should be collected and taken to the hospital with her and her symptoms should be taken care of so that the doctor can be informed properly.
It is important to note that there is a bottle, bottle or possible substance in the vicinity that has been poisoned. If found, it should be taken to the hospital. If a household substance is poisoned due to swallowing, it is important to see if there is anything written on the bottle or packet of the substance and if so, to follow up.
If there is poisoning to the touch of something, the area of the skin that has come in contact with the toxin should be washed with clean and relatively cold or less hot water for a while before being taken to the hospital. In this case, it is better if the water comes out from the tap under strong pressure. If any toxic gas is inhaled into the lungs, the patient should be kept in the open and fresh air until he is taken to the hospital, so that he gets proper oxygen.
In the case of a patient suffering from acute poisoning, the sooner it is possible to diagnose the effect of a substance that has caused the poisoning, the more likely it is to give him proper treatment. So samples should be collected from the scene if possible.
The extent of the damage caused by poisoning depends on the age of the person, the type of toxin he or she has taken, the amount he or she has taken, his or her health status, and so on.
Injured
If the injured person is unable to move the limb after receiving a severe injury to any part of the body, there are several possibilities-
Any bones in that area may have been displaced or broken.
The area is sprained, or any ligaments or tissues in that area are torn or damaged.
The muscles or tissues there are numb.
In these cases there is usually no way to say for sure exactly what happened without an X-ray or a proper examination. However, in almost every such case, the injured person will not be able to move the injured limb properly. However, it may be possible to move a sprained limb slightly, but the slightest movement of a broken bone can cause the injured person to panic in excruciating pain.
Since there is no way to be completely sure about such injuries, it is better to consider that the injured person has broken a bone. In this case, the injured person should be able to sit or lie down in a comfortable position with the movement of the injured limb completely stopped. If possible, ice or cold objects should be held in place on the injured area to reduce pain and swelling. Then you have to go to the hospital for proper examination and treatment without delay.
In any emergency, proper training is required to provide first aid in a proper and efficient manner and immediately after the provision of first aid, the sick person should be taken to the hospital for proper treatment as soon as possible. This is because, in most emergencies, first aid is by no means sufficient. If possible, everyone should receive training on first aid. The procedures described in this article for providing first aid are by no means a substitute for proper training. But it is probably better to know a few things than to know nothing at all.
References:
1. First Aid - United Kingdom National Health Service
2. First Aid Facts - St. John Ambulance Australia
3. First Aid - Mayo Clinic
4. 10 Basic First Aid Procedures - VeryWellHealth
5. First Aid & Emergencies - WebMD
6. First aid, the recovery position, and CPR - Medical News Today
Featured Image: The Elan Law Firm
Background Image: Designed by macrovector / Freepik
