Water and its anomaly

Many people go on boat rides to spend time inside the ocean and notice the emergence of some strange phenomena, and the most important of these phenomena is the appearance of a green flash on the horizon, and this color appears at sunrise or sunset, as the atmosphere creates a prism along the water, which It leads to the appearance of green color for a maximum of two seconds, and other phenomena include bioluminescence that occurs as a result of the emission of light from the plankton in the water, which leads to the creation of a green or blue glow visible at night, so kayaking is one of the distinctive activities on summer nights, in addition to The phenomenon known as Saint Elmo's fire, which occurs during electrical storms and thunderstorms, where a strange glow appears due to ionization of air around masts, for example.

The phenomenon of rainy animals is one of the most strange phenomena, and this phenomenon was known in Egypt, as the sky rained frogs, worms, jellyfish, and spiders, and this phenomenon occurs due to the ocean winds, and many other phenomena such as magnetic anomalies that occur due to some defects can also occur The Earth's magnetic field, and this phenomenon occurs as a result of the presence of high concentrations of magnetized Earth, and it is believed that it has caused many disasters such as crashes of aircraft and ships in the Bermuda Triangle.

What is the phenomenon of water anomaly?

There are many exceptional properties of water, and this is what distinguishes it from other liquids, and one of the most important of these characteristics is the anomaly of water, as it behaves differently at different temperatures. Usually, heating materials increase their volume, but when heating water from zero degrees Celsius the volume does not increase The liquid, rather, becomes smaller, and when the water reaches four degrees Celsius, it begins to contract and then increases in volume like other liquids, which means that water has a higher density at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius.

The anomaly of the water contributes to preserving the life of the fish in the winter, as the fish live under the water because the water surface temperature is 4 degrees Celsius, which makes the surface cooler than the bottom, and the lake from top to bottom begins to freeze, which leads to the formation of an ice layer above the lake, Then the layers under the ice layer cool down, but remain liquid, and aquatic animals stay under the lake throughout the winter to survive, but if the water temperature continues to drop, the water will quickly freeze completely, and there will be no chance for them to survive. There are other benefits to water anomalies, the presence of water inside a closed container may contribute to the explosion of the vessel during freezing, but the anomaly of the water contributes to maintaining the volume of water and its contraction rather than its expansion, and this property also plays an important role in preventing rock cracks from breaking rocks after Water entering it and freezing inside it, as well as water that seeps into the cracks of the streets' roof, and prevents water pipes from bursting during the winter.

What are the manifestations of water anomalies?

Water has many exceptional properties that distinguish it from other liquids, as its behavior is different. Water anomalies appear in many manifestations that are summarized in many factors such as temperature, density, pressure, in addition to volume, and other factors, and from Manifestations of water anomaly: The water expands upon cooling or heating at 4 degrees Celsius, as the water reaches this temperature before it freezes completely, and this phenomenon contributes to preventing the lower environment of water from freezing, which contributes to preserving the life of living organisms that live in the seas, And rivers, oceans, and convection contribute to the delivery of oxygen to the depths, and heat capacity contributes to the preservation of heat in reservoirs.

The properties of cold water differ from the properties of hot water a lot, as cooling water contributes to shrinking individual water molecules, increases the refractive index, and gases in it become less soluble, and the inside of it increases the speed of sound, while heating water contributes to a decrease in the refractive index, and gases possess resilience The greater the melt, plus the speed of sound decreases in it. The water anomaly appears when the water reaches a temperature of +43 ° C and its maximum density, as the rise in density with increasing pressure is the reason for this phenomenon, and the decrease in temperature and it's reaching the homogeneous icy nucleation contributes to fluctuations in volume and entropy, the relationship between Entropy and temperature are inversely related.

Many manifestations indicate the occurrence of the phenomenon of water anomaly, which is the arrival of water to an abnormal boiling point, the determination of a very high critical point, in addition to the presence of solid water within a group of crystalline and amorphous crystalline structures of other materials, the decrease in the velocity of sound and the thermal conductivity with increasing pressure, and liquid water can be easily cooled and heated, and the water structure changes at high pressure.

The chemical properties of water

The chemical formula of a water molecule contains an oxygen atom attached to two atoms of hydrogen, and the negatively charged atomic electrons contribute to the establishment of bonds between them, as oxygen has a negative charge, and hydrogen has a positive charge, which makes the molecules attract each other, and the molecules in the water tend to To docking as it occurs in a magnet. Water is the comprehensive solvent for many substances, and this is the reason for the appearance of the water of lakes, rivers, ocean, s, and seas pure when you look at it at first glance, while it contains many minerals and elements dissolved in it, and the source of these minerals and elements in the atmosphere or rocks, and water carries a high percentage of materials Dissolved in it, so it performs a very valuable task.

Water differs in its pH from one form to another, as the pH of pure water and distilled water is 7 degrees, and the pH of the water in the sea is approximately 8 degrees, and it is alkaline water, and freshwater and by its pH that ranges between 6 and 8 degrees, The pH of acid rain cannot reach more than 7 degrees