Hello everyone, today I will share with you how and what to do when you have a nosebleed.
This useful information that I will share with you I wrote down from the mother of my friend who works in the hospital in the ear, throat, nose department.
A week ago, it happened to me for the first time in my life that I suddenly had blood on my nose and I was very scared, I didn't know what to do, so my wife started the car and we went to the hospital.
On the way to the hospital I kept a rag on my nose so that blood would not spill on me and in the car I was very scared and I was shaking with fear.
When we arrived at the hospital, they immediately admitted me to the otorhinolaryngologist's office for ear, throat, nose, and I didn't know that my friend's mother worked there.
When I sat in the office, the doctors told me that it was nothing terrible and that it happened to everyone.
Somehow it was easier for me since I am in the hands of doctors who are experts to stop the bleeding and help me, after the examination I received one medicine and a spray of nasal drops to recover the capillaries in my nose.
That day my friend's mom came to visit me at my house and then she told my wife to write down everything we needed to know about nosebleeds and my wife wrote it all down and I decided to share that useful information with you. yes and if you find yourself in the same problem as me to know what it is and why but immediately see a doctor.
Now read all this can really help you.
Bleeding from the nose occurs suddenly, often at night during sleep, causing panic in the patient and his surroundings. Bleeding from the nose occurs more often in children and the elderly, and especially during viral epidemics, at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, when the vitamin deficiency in the body is higher.
Due to its multiple function, the nasal mucosa is very well vascularized and rich in a highly developed network of arterial and venous capillaries, which is especially concentrated in the anterior lower part of the nasal septum in the form of the Kiesselbachi plexus, from where bleeding usually occurs. In addition to the Kiesselbach locus, bleeding can also occur from the posterior parts of the septum, lower and middle nasal shells and nasal adnexa (sinuses, epipharynx).
Cause
Local causes of epistaxis are idiopathic (unknown), traumatic (fractures, foreign bodies, irritation), inflammatory, tumor, microclimatic and endocrine. General causes are increase in blood pressure (hypertension, agitation, increase in central venous pressure), acute infectious diseases, hematological diseases (leukemia, hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis, etc.) and heart and blood vessel diseases.
Clinical picture
The appearance and general condition of the patient will depend on the intensity of the bleeding. The patient is usually very upset, with visible bleeding from the nose, and sometimes due to bleeding on the mouth. The heavier the bleeding, the more noticeable the pallor of the skin and mucous membranes of the eyelids, the pulse is accelerated, and sometimes there is a collapse.
How to react
It is necessary to calm the patient. He should sit upside down and breathe calmly. Immediate methods of stopping bleeding are different depending on the type of bleeding.
The first thing to do is to tell the patient to vigorously blow out the contents of the blood clots from the nose, and if that is not possible, then do it with the help of instruments or aspirators. After that, if the bleeding is less intense, it is necessary for the patient to inhale and exhale air through the nose several times, and due to the vasoconstriction caused by that, the bleeding may stop. Nostrils can be pressed by hand or with a cold compress.
If the bleeding is still present, it is necessary to perform local anesthesia of the mucosa with a piece of cotton wool soaked in 1-2% pantocaine with a few drops of adrenaline that is left in the nose for a few minutes. During that time, it is necessary for the patient or the assistant to press the nose on the side of the bleeding.
If the bleeding continues and the bleeding site is visible, cauterization of the blood vessel with chemical means is applied. For this purpose, 10% trichloroacetic acid or chromic acid crystals are used, and they must be handled very carefully, so that the surrounding mucosa is not damaged when one of the mentioned agents is applied. If the bleeding is bilateral, cauterization should not be performed simultaneously at the same height of the septum, because tissue necrosis and perforation can occur.
If we have not been able to stop the bleeding in this way, or if the epistaxis is intense from the very beginning, the anterior tamponade of the nasal passages will be applied. For that purpose, a specially prepared gauze strip about 1 meter long and 1 cm wide (for children and rope) is used, which is previously soaked in physiological solution. It is introduced so that both ends protrude from the nose (first, a part of the gauze 6-8 cm away from the beginning is introduced), and the gauze is arranged like an accordion in the forward-backward or up-down direction. The anterior tamponade should be firm enough to stop the bleeding, but also careful not to damage the mucous membrane. The tampon remains in the nose for 48 hours, and then detamponade is performed.
Posterior nasal tamponade is performed if the bleeding continues after the anterior tamponade. General anesthesia is recommended, because the procedure is painful. This type of tamponade requires a firm gauze pad tied with tight cross-stitched threads, the size of which corresponds to the size of the epipharynx, and is tied tightly, so that four free ends about 30 cm long remain. A catheter is inserted through the nose and its tip is pulled out through the oral cavity. The two ends of the tampon thread are tied to the catheter and pulled back through the nose by pulling the catheter back. The tampon is fixed in the epipharynx, and the ends of the sutures are fixed with a plaster. Anterior tamponade follows. The tampon in the epipharynx stands for 48 hours. Antibiotic therapy is mandatory, because the sinus openings are blocked. Epistaxis taken care of in this way requires that the patient be hospitalized, receive internal medicine therapy, as well as a complete examination.
Sometimes, in order to stop heavy bleeding from the nose, it is necessary to do a nasal septum operation, and in the most severe cases, ligation of the external carotid artery or its branches.
The only thing I was afraid of was that I didn’t have to go for nasal septum surgery.
Now you know something more, in case of bleeding, be sure to see a doctor immediately.
Nice writing Mihajloo, i like your writing and effort!