Hypothesis

EXAMPLE 1:

The number of Covid-19 cases which is 15,958 collected in the month of May 2021 is higher than in April. Human behavior is the most critical component. The responses of state and municipal governments, as well as individuals, to the epidemic, vary. Some people take COVID-19 measures, including physical separation, handwashing, and mask use.

H0: The number of Covid-19 cases which is 15,958 collected in the month of May 2021 is higher than in April. / H0: μ = 15,958

Ha: The number of Covid-19 cases which is 15,958 collected in the month of May 2021 is not higher than in April. / Ha: μ ≠ 15,958

In this example, the null hypothesis is H0: μ = 15,958. You may notice that the hypothesis used the phrase ‘higher than that is associated with greater than. Therefore, Ha: μ > 15,958. This hypothesis uses inequality symbol (>) so it is the one-tailed test and it uses greater than which specifically called for the right-tailed test.

H0: μ = 15,958 and Ha: μ ≠ 15,958 (right-tailed test)

EXAMPLE 2:

 An increasing number of 1.2 million students drop out of school every year. Teens will claim a variety of reasons for dropping out, ranging from academic failure to boredom. The consequences of dropping out can last a teen their entire life. Most kids opt to drop out of high school because they are struggling in school on a daily basis.

H0: An increasing number of 1.2 million students drop out every year. / H0: μ = 1.2 million

Ha: No increasing number of 1.2 million students drop out of school every year. / Ha: μ ≠ 1.2 million

The null hypothesis is H0: μ = 1.2 million. We may notice that the hypothesis used the phrase ‘increasing number’ that is associated with greater than. Therefore, Ha: μ > 1.2 million. This hypothesis uses inequality symbol (>) so it is a one-tailed test and it uses greater than which specifically called for the right-tailed test.

H0: μ = 1.2 million and Ha: μ ≠ 1.2 million (right-tailed test)

EXAMPLE 3:

 The unequal distribution of wealth among Ph inhabitants is referred to as wealth inequality. The chasm between the bottom and higher classes is widening all the time. The disparity between diverse groups of people threatens democracy because poverty worsens as wealth inequality develops. Another frequent metric is the percentage of total wealth in the hands of the top 1% of the wealth distribution to real wealth in the economy.

H0: The unequal distribution of wealth among Ph inhabitants. / H0: μ = 1%

Ha: There is no unequal distribution of wealth among Ph inhabitants. / Ha: μ ≠ 1%

The parameter is 1%. We can write the hypotheses into symbols: H0: μ = 1% and Ha: μ ≠ 1%. The phrase ‘unequal distribution’ has no clue of the direction of the study, so it implies either an increase or decrease in performance. This tells you that the test is a two-tailed test.

H0: μ = 1% and Ha: μ ≠ 1%  (two-tailed test)