Based on history what are the paradigm shifts (a change of perspectives and beliefs) that occurred and how do these affect the development of science and technology? Justify.
It is great to know the history of how the generation improves in every era and age, from the stone age into the iron age where technology was gradually discovered and invented by scientists. There are a lot of things that happened in each era to the point that the perspective and beliefs of our ancestors changed, I believe that there are several paradigm shifts that happened in the past and one of them is the environment.
Based on my understanding, the environment gave a lot of contribution to the discoveries of our ancestors especially when they discovered the fire. This discovery creates a “domino effect” to create new inventions like containers for cooking, tools and equipment, and even weapons for hunting mammals. Gradually, the people’s minds are improving, they learned how to cook by putting the foods on fire, and the cooking led to be the way to create new inventions like containers and other kitchen utensils. The fire that we usually see in the environment serves as their stepping stone to discover and invent things.
The second paradigm shift is the government, as time goes by, people learned how to divide and lead the region. During this age, the Egyptians specifically Pharaoh took over the local organizations to govern the place and this is where the division started to have two sections; upper and lower groups, which were determined based on the status of your life. Some races also started to dominate other places and land to rule and own them specifically in Mesopotamia.
Most of our ancestors also built a temple because they believe in God and Goddesses that causes the change of perspective and beliefs of the people. This is the reason why the Greek and Roman Gods were born and used it as a guide for their living. In fact, in Egypt and Mesopotamia during the Bronze age, there was only one form of education and it is called a temple school. At this point, the Bible, Koran of Muslims and other religion was also created simultaneously based on their beliefs.
Lastly is technology, I assume that it is the main cause of the paradigm shift of the people. through technology, their mind is creating an idea and by their curiosity, they will try to do it and new inventions will be created that will help society. One of the examples is the tools used in hunting and foraging in the stone age, they used tools called “crushers”, “piercers” and “entanglers” to help them in hunting animals to support their food supply.
I believe that these paradigm shifts affect the development of science and technology by means of giving new opportunities and improve them by using the human’s intellect so they will gradually grow and will be useful to us.
Sources:
J.D. Bernal, Science in History, Chapter 4, Vol. 1 (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1971) pp. 145-237.
R.J. Forbes, "Mesopotamian and Egyptian Technology" in Melvin
Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell, Jr. (eds.), Technology in Western Civilization, Vol. I (Oxford Univ. Press: New York, 1967), Chapter 3, pp. 26-47.
R.J. Forbes, "The Beginnings of Technology and Man" in Melvin
Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell, Jr.(eds.), Technology in Western Civilization, Vol I (Oxford University Press: New York, 1967) Chapter 2, pp. 11-26.
White Jr. L. TECHNOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE AGES In Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell, Jr. (eds.) Technology in Western Civilization, Vol. I (Oxford Univ. Press: New York, 1967), Chapter 5, pp.66-79
Kierkegaard, S. (n.d). Past Quotes (3060 quotes). Goodreads. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/past
Lavenda, D. (2012b, July 30). Why Great Ideas Come In Pairs. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/1835611/why-great-ideas-come-pairs/
Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace. (n.d). Understanding Evolution. Retrieved September 12, 202, from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/history_14
The Great Courses. (2020, June 24). Who Invented Calculus: Newton or Leibniz? The Great Courses Daily. https://www.thegreatcoursedaily.com/invented-calculus-newton-leibniz/
The invention of the telephone. (n.d). Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-us/history/changing-the-world/phones-for-everyone/the-invention-of-the-telephone
Author's note:
It's been a long time since I published my article, I was busy with school works to the point that writing content is too difficult for me. Since our professor gave us an activity where we need to write an essay, I decided to put it here to share my ideas and earn BCH as well. It is like hitting two birds with one stone. There are still 2 questions, which will be published in the next coming days. The sources are for the overall essay. In short, I will also include it in the next 2 essays.
Published: September 12, 2021
Written by: Laurenceuuu
Indeed, history had changed throughout. Primarily, in the context of humanistic beliefs that were patterned down in accord to their surroundings; one can notice the fact that all of these things affect that way we develop. Likewise, how we live our lives.
From science and development, the technology and trends— all of these things play an important part to the evolution of us, as humans.