They were followed by the arrival of Australians. Trade took place in Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Muslim countries. Many competing countries or towns such as Tondo, Manila (town), Ma-i, Madyaas and the Sulu Sultanate were established under the leadership of the Datu, Raha, Sultan, and Lakan.
Fernando de Magallanes's arrival in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 was the beginning of the Spanish conquest, but it was dropped when he died in the Battle of Mactan against Lapu-Lapu, the Datu of Mactan. In 1543, a Spanish explorer named Ruy López de Villalobos named the Las Islas Filipinas (Philippine Islands) in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from the City of Mexico in 1565, the first Spanish settlement was established in the archipelago
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