World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as World War I, or World War I, is a global war that began in Europe on July 26, 1914 and lasted until November 11, 1918. More than 70 million Europeans, as well as 60 million members of the armed forces, joined in the war, one of the largest in history. [6] In many countries it also started a revolution

Today I will write about a brief history of the First World War > Part 1

Serbia

Serbia The long shadow of June 26 does not leave Serbia behind. This shadow began at a time when the day was not June 26th. The day in the Julian calendar was June 15th. In the Gregorian Amendment, the day after October 4th, 1562, became October 15th, and the most painful, saddest holy day in Serbian history was moved from June 15th to June 26th. In the history of Shia Muslims, the 10th Muharram of Karbala is the same as in the history of Serbia and the Slavic ethnic group, June 26. The day before the defeat of the Ottoman invaders in 1389 was St. Vitus, the holy day of the Serbian Orthodox Church. On this day in 1379, the Ottoman Emperor Murad Hüdavendigâr fought a fierce battle with Prince Lazar's forces in Kosovo. This war was so ubiquitous and devastating that the entire army on both sides was almost wiped out. Both Emperor Murad and Prince Lazarus were killed in battle. Behind the Ottomans, their mighty empire in Turkey is still intact. But when the Serbian prince's own army and the Bosnian army gathered at his call were destroyed, Lazarus' mighty Moravian Serbia and Bosnia's provinces gradually fell to the Ottomans. Since then, the Serbian Orthodox Church has observed this day to commemorate the deep wounds of self-sacrifice and defeat.

With the grief of defeat and the pain of subjugation in its bosom, the people of Serbia have been observing this day of mourning as an occasion to fulfill their almost impossible dream. The re-establishment of old Moravian Serbia. But the brutal Ottoman forces did not allow the seeds of resistance or independence to rise anywhere in Serbia for four centuries. Finally, from the beginning of the nineteenth century (1804), Serbia saw independence in 17 through hundreds of wars, bloodshed, sacrifices and coups. Yet this independence did not satisfy the Serbian people, especially its military elite. In their dreamy eyes was old Moravian Serbia, but found fragmented Serbia. Even Bosnia-Herzegovina was ceded to the 18th Berlin Congress as an Austro-Hungarian military-occupied territory.

Like Kafka's novel The Castle, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was an eternal maze. It was not possible for any common man to go deeper into the empire or understand its workings by crossing the net of his thousand-fold bureaucracy. Even those in power within that empire did not understand how a state system could survive. The Viennese Austrian aristocracy, virtually at the center of power, failed to capture Hungary completely and accepted him as their equal. But within themselves they thought of Hungary only as a colony. These aristocrats in Vienna inherited a small branch of the once vast House of Habsburg. The vast empire of the House of Habsburg did not come with their military success or adventure, it came with hundreds of subtle political moves and hundreds of intermarriages and agreements. As a result, the Austro-Hungarian Empire found in that series also had dozens of small kingdoms, dukes, barons. It was accompanied by a wide range of marital relations, political and military agreements. And there were dozens and dozens of small ethnic groups. Many of these groups did not understand how their kingdom was going, who had the real power over them. They were scattered in different parts of the Balkans. A large part of the Balkans has been under Ottoman rule since the war of 1389, but far from the center of power, the inhabitants of those regions were trying to expand their empire by inciting the pain of freedom, religious differences and ethnic subjugation. Hungary.

On the other hand, the vast Russian Empire in the north and its Romanov ruling class also had their eyes on the Balkans, especially on the shores of the Black Sea. This is because it is important for Russia to have access to the Mediterranean Sea from the Black Sea across the Sea of ​​Marmara and the Aegean Sea. Russia's only way to reach the Mediterranean from the other side of its vast land is to travel thousands of miles through the ice-cold North Ocean. In order to facilitate this access, he had to negotiate with Ottoman Turkey, as the route connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of ​​Marmara passed through the middle of Asia and Europe, right next to Istanbul. Russia's goal was to bring Bulgaria under its control, perhaps to snatch the system from the once ailing Ottoman Empire. Russia, therefore, helped Bulgaria and Romania on the shores of the Black Sea to break the yoke of Ottoman rule, citing the Slavic brotherhood. Russia won the Russo-Turkish War of 18-17 and established Romania and Bulgaria as independent nations through the Treaty of San Stefano.

The expansion and consequences of the Treaty of San Stefano began to stir up within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which considered the Balkans to be its legacy. Austro-Hungary's strongest ally was Germany, which suddenly emerged as the most powerful power in Europe. Other European powers, such as France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Italy, and England, were united as nations for hundreds of years, but Germany was not. To the east was the mighty Prussia, and to the west were the many small but developed and powerful fragmented kingdoms of the decadent Holy Roman Empire. In the Franco-Prussian War of 181, Prussia and its allied forces besieged Paris, defeating the mighty France by strangling the mighty France. Prussia was already surpassing hundreds of years old empires in terms of military power, technology and industrial development. Now the united Germany is moving forward at a more arduous pace. So suddenly Germany became a major figure in European political life. Austro-Hungary's frustration over the San Stefano Accords leaving Russia under its umbrella, Serbia's hopes for a newly independent but dreaming of a 400-year-old Moravian empire, and France's sudden loss of power in the Balkans. Germany convened the Berlin Congress in 18 as a neutral and selfless mediator to allay fears of a war within Turkey.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

These troubles in the Balkans were a trivial nuisance to the mighty empires playing with their own hopes and aspirations and national consciousness of small ethnic groups. Many of these small regions send delegates to the Berlin Congress, but Otto von Bismarck, the congressman's chairman and mediator, dismissed all claims that "no one had ever heard of these places before the war." The major powers had already made the important decisions of the month-long conference. They are officially established by mere declaration from the Congress. Russia and Serbia were most disappointed and angry at the decision of the Congress. The Treaty of San Stefano cut off the huge Bulgaria that Turkey had seized by the neck and made it much smaller. Many territorial rights were returned to Turkey. On the other hand, in the face of fierce opposition from Serbia, Austro-Hungarian military occupation was established in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The condition is that Austro-Hungary will only occupy Bosnia-Herzegovina militarily, not include their own empire. This almost insignificant independence serves as the first trigger for the bloody and devastating First World War and its aftermath, World War II.

Serbia was another big reason to claim Bosnia-Herzegovina as their own, even if only the dream of ancient Moravian Serbia was left out. A large part of the population of this dual principality was of Serbian or Slavic ethnic heritage. The people of Bosnia and Herzegovina had no desire to remain under Ottoman or Austro-Hungarian, much like present-day Kashmir. One part of the people wanted independence, the other part wanted integration with Serbia.

Reunion or death

Rumelia, Bohemia, Sofia, Vazvodina, Moravia, Pristina, Bosnia, Sarajevo, Dalmatia, Zagreb, Skopia, Sermia. There is a kind of dreamy sentimentality between the names of the Balkans and the Eastern European regions. Although the names of these regions may be mistaken for a fairytale kingdom, the daily life of the people of these places from the Middle Ages to the days of powerful politics in the nineteenth century was just the opposite of the dreamy imagery of the names. The rule of outside powers, be it the brutal Ottomans or the labyrinthine Austro-Hungarian bureaucracy, has done nothing to improve the well-being or infrastructure of the people in these regions. To the Ottoman Turks, these were places to bring blue-eyed white-skinned sex slaves, while the Austro-Hungarian aristocracy had to be proud of each other for the size of their empire. The Austro-Hungarian subjugation was a bit of a good news for some of the elderly who lived their lives in the harsh mountainous nature of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the intense cold and the freezing cold and the loneliness. The dying Austro-Hungarian Empire was then trying to become somewhat modern. He also started some work on infrastructural development and expansion of industrialization and trade in remote areas. Some of that development took place in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. But this development among the dreamy and idealistic youth was in fact a conspiracy to blunt the freedom consciousness and ethnic ideology. Under the Austro-Hungarian military rule, various organizations of independent youth began to gather secretly. These organizations were provided with ideological and financial support by a group of elite officers of the Serbian military. Inside them is the dream of re-establishing that old Moravian Serbia. To fulfill this dream, in 1903, they assassinated Aleksandar Obrenović, the pro-Austro-Hungarian king of Serbia, and Queen Draga by throwing them out of the palace, and put the pro-Russian Karadzarjevic dynasty in political power.

In the shadow of the Serbian military elite, Bosnia-Herzegovina's ideological and pro-unification youth organization was called Reunion or Death. Reunion means unification with Serbia. Gavrilo Princip was a member of this group, which started the cycle of two world wars through a murder. Gavrilo grew up in Bosnia with mountain roughness and extreme loneliness and poverty. He moved to Sarajevo for higher education with a meritorious scholarship. The luxury and pomp created by the Austro-Hungarian rule and development projects in Sarajevo revolted against his rude lone idealist mind. In 1906, Austro-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina to their empire, ignoring the terms of the Berlin Congress. Serbia has not been able to come up with an effective response to this accession, despite the major powers going door to door. Russia was also defeated by Japan in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 and was busy healing its wounds. As a way to alleviate this anger and suffering, the Serbian military elite and Bosnian ideological youth therefore chose the path of terror.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the future emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, came to see a military exhibition in Sarajevo on June 26, 1914, either to sprinkle salt and lemon on Serbia's cuts. The military elites of Serbia and the ideological youth of Bosnia and Herzegovina, nurtured in their ideals and meanings, wanted to do something about the pain of defeat and subjugation that had plagued them for almost six centuries. It is decided that Archduke will be killed. Dragutin Dimitrijević, a Serbian military officer with the help of Unification or Death, was the main protagonist of the 1903 assassination. But none of the assassins who are determined are militarily skilled; Growing up in poverty and loneliness and the scourge of winter but impossible idealists are some sick young people. During the visit of Franz Ferdinand on June 26, Gavrilo Princip and his team were provided with various information including pistols, grenades and other weapons. Cyanide capsules are given, so that if caught, he can commit suicide immediately. But the assassins were mistaken at first - they could not throw a grenade at Ferdinand's car; The grenade fell into the car behind. Although several people were killed and injured there, Ferdinand himself and his wife remained unharmed. The grenade thrower was slow to remove the cyanide and put it in his mouth, causing the cyanide to lose its effectiveness. The police caught him; The other assassins also left the mission and fled like that. In the meantime, Ferdinand decided not to return to the hotel but to go to the hospital to see the injured. On his way back from the hospital, Ferdinand's car crashed in front of Gavrilo Princip, who was eating at a restaurant after accidentally canceling his mission. Gavrilo still has the pistol in his pocket. He pulled out a pistol and fired. Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were killed. Like before, Gavrilo was caught by the princip and the police for delaying in filling the cyanide.

The deaths of at least 70 million people in the two world wars, the crippling and disability of at least 100 million more people, the indescribable loss, the grief, the pain of losing relatives, the tears and bloodshed, it all started with this one murder alone. Although this death marked the beginning of the First World War, the amount of human casualties in the First World War was about two crores. But while historians differ on the history, political, economic, and military reasons for the outbreak of World War I, there is little disagreement as to whether the first and most direct cause of the European part of World War II was World War I. Since then, many historians have not viewed the two world wars as separate, but as a long, bloody single world war; The middle twenty years are only a temporary break and a retirement of logistics collection. Even the seeds of the socialist revolution in Russia and later Stalin's genocide were sown in the First World War. As such, the genocide in the Soviet Union can be traced back to that one shot.......

Next part Coming soon............

Dear Sir, @TheRandomRewarder

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