The Book Of Yesterday | May 6
SIGMUND FREUD WAS BORN
May 6, 1856
Today marks the 165th birthday of the so-called Father of Modern Psychology and leading proponent of Psychoanalysis Sigismund Schlomo Freud or better known as Sigmund Freud. He was born on this day in 1856 in the town of Příbor, Czech Republic, formerly under the occupation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the eldest of eight children of the Jewish couple Jakob Freud and Amalia Nathansohn.
In 1859 his family moved to Leipzig, Germany and then to Vienna, Austria where he studied at a prominent high school academy. He became an excellent student there and became proficient in German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Hebrew, Latin and Greek. He entered law school at the University of Vienna, but also transferred to the medical course where he became a licensed physician in 1881. After becoming a professor in 1885, Freud became a neurologist, and became a full professor in Vienna in 1902. While in Vienna he he began developing an innovative and revolutionary idea in psychology, the Psychoanalysis.
In Psychoanalysis, Freud’s basic idea is that a person’s thinking and behavior are based on its instinctual drives contained in our unconscious mind. Our development as a human being is also based on forgotten events in his youthful life rather than just inherited traits. What Freud refers to as the unconscious that is within the human mind is found through his dream, unintentional actions and what we call the Freudian slip, or our almost non -release of words almost at the end of our tongue. Freud also used Psychoanalysis as his remedy for mental disorders by exposing to man hidden emotions and cherished memories and experiences. For Freud, our mind is like an iceberg, where our unconscious mind is at the very bottom of our mind and it is less immediately visible compared to our conscious mind. It is also divided into three; the id, ego and the superego. These, according to Freud, describe the activities and interactions in a person's mentality. The I’d holds our unconscious in our mind, the superego determines our conscience and morality and the ego is our pride and our ego.
Freud is also known for his own theory of the Psychosexual Theory of Human Development, in which according to him, a person’s development is centered in our erogenous zones, dependent on responding to the erogenous zones. Improper response to each of the demands of the five stages of a person's development; Oral, Phallic, Latency and Genital, result in fixation, which affects our personality development.
Although Freud's new school of thought was revolutionary, his ideas also received criticism from his colleagues. However, it is also undeniable that Freud was able to develop an innovative perspective on the study of one’s psyche and the response to its problems. Freud remained in Austria until the Nazis conquered the country in 1938, and because of Jewish descent, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom to escape Nazi oppression there. Freud died at the age of 83 in London, United Kingdom.
THE TRAGEDY OF NAZI AIRSHIP HINDENBURG
May 6, 1937
Exactly 84 years ago, one of the greatest aerial tragedies in history occurred, when it flared up and crashed while trying to land a giant Nazi Germany dirigible or airship Hindenburg, in Lakehurst, New Jersey in the United States.
The LZ-129 Hindenburg airship is the largest built passenger airship in history and a proud invention of Nazi Germany when it comes to air travel. It is a passenger airship measuring 240 meters in length, and 41 meters in total diameter. The total amount of the Hindenburg construction fund will reach three million dollars, in our money today. It is also a hydrogen-filled airship that can carry up to 200,000 m3 of hydrogen gas, as opposed to the usual and safer use of helium gas to float the airship, and the steel skeleton serves as the airship and is covered with thick fabric mixed with reflective materials to protect the airship from UV rays caused nv heat of the sun.
Five years of construction on this airship were completed in March 1936, and unlike the proposal to name such an airship after Adolf Hitler, it was chosen to be named after the great veteran of the First World War and former President of Germany General Paul von Hindenburg. Aside from Nazi Germany's flaunting of the country's aerospace technology, the Hindenburg was also used in propaganda, with the aim of easily persuading the German people to ratify the conquest of the Rhineland.
The Hindenburg was the second airship to successfully cross the Atlantic sea after the flight of another airship the Graf Zeppelin, when the Hindenburg flew from Frankfurt, Germany to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The Hindenburg was also used to present important events in Germany, such as the 1936 Berlin Olympics and Nazi Germany's party rallies in Nuremberg. Hindenburg made 11 more transatlantic trips, before it crashed in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
On May 3, 1937, the Hindenburg departed for the last time from Frankfurt, Germany for New Jersey, with 36 passengers and 61 crew on board. As it was landing on its mooring mast in Lakehurst Borough, the far rear of the Hindenburg suddenly exploded, probably due to a spark coming from its hydrogen core. The fire spread throughout the airship for a few seconds and it crashed to a height of 200 feet, until the entire Hindenburg was completely consumed. Photographs and video captured all the incidents. The tragedy killed 13 passengers, 21 crew and a civilian at the foot of the Hindenburg crash.
This is the latest aviation tragedy to involve an airship in history, and since then people have lost confidence in using the airship as a passenger vehicle. This has also marked the end of the luxury era of passenger airships around the world
THE FALL OF THE CORREGIDOR'S FILTER IN THE JAPANESE
May 6, 1942
Almost a month after the fall of Bataan province to the Japanese, Filipino and American soldiers on the fortress island in Manila Bay Corregidor remained standing in the face of a stronger enemy. But just like what happened in Bataan, the ammunition, food, weapons and strength of the Bataan defenders were gradually depleted, as a result of the relentless bombing of the position of Filipino and American forces on the island from the ground and in the air. So the commander -in -chief of the American defense on the island of Corregidor, General Jonathan Wainwright, who was also left chief of all American forces in the Philippines, negotiated the surrender of the entire island to Japanese forces under General Masaharu Homma. . But what General Homma wanted was the surrender of all American forces throughout the country. And because General Wainwright was mindful of the miserable condition of his soldiers in Bataan, he preferred what the Japanese general demanded, and he surrendered at dawn. He surrendered more than 11,000 Filipino and American soldiers left fighting in Corregidor, and then took them and imprisoned them in Manila.
The island of Corregidor is the last place in the Philippines to fall into the hands of the Japanese, signaling their continued conquest of our country. The Japanese remained in control of the island until February 1945.
The Japanese also imprisoned General Wainwright until he was released by Soviet forces in Manchuria, China in August 1945. General Wainwright also witnessed Japan surrender to the war the following month.
References:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/this-day-in-history/the-hindenburg-disaster
https://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html#:~:text=Psychoanalysis%20is%20defined%20as%20a,feelings%2C%20desires%2C%20and%20memories.
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