The Book Of Yesterday | May 22
THE GREAT CHILEAN EARTHQUAKE
May 22, 1960
While we are all awakened by the arrival of a very powerful earthquake called "The Big One", it was experienced in southern America today in 1960, and it is arguably the strongest earthquake on record in all of history. This is called the "Great Chilean Earthquake" or the Valdivia Earthquake, which occurred in the country of Chile. Exactly 3:11 pm, local time, the epicenter of the quake was recorded 570 kilometers south of Santiago, the capital of Chile. The measured magnitude of the earthquake will be 9.5, the highest recorded in history.
The quake's magnitude was raised to Intensity XIII, most affected and most devastating to the town of Valdivia, a few kilometers away from the epicenter. The very strong earthquake lasted for 10 minutes. Many ancient buildings dating back to Inca and Spanish times were destroyed, and hundreds of buildings and homes were pulverized. The quake also severely damaged water and power supply lines across the country, lasting several months. Communications across the country were also cut off so successive volcanic eruptions and aftershocks were not recorded. It also created large tsunamis, and also felt its force as far as Hawaii, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Alaska in America as far as the Philippines. Such an earthquake is a type of megathrust, triggered by the collision of the Nazca Plate and South American Plate in the Peru-Chile Trench, and these types of earthquakes are very strong capable of creating as much as magnitude 8 to 9 earthquakes.
The Great Chilean Earthquake was just one of a series of earthquakes recorded in the region from May 21 to June 8, 1960. About 5,700 people in the affected countries in southern America died due to the very strong earthquake. this, and more than 22,000 people lost their homes.
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE THE GREAT OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE DIED
May 22, 337 CE
On this day in 337 CE, Roman Emperor Flavius Valerius Constantinus or Constantine I or Constantine the Great died at the age of 65, after more than three decades of rule. In the city of Nicomedia (now Izmit, Turkey) Constantine died while preparing for his campaign against the Persians. At his death the Roman Empire disintegrated again which he tried to reunite, when his sons quarreled for the throne.
Flavius Valerius Constantinus was a Roman general born in present -day Serbia about 272 CE, the son of a Greek named Helena and Roman general Flavius Constantinus. He succeeded in suppressing a Civil war before being crowned Emperor of Rome in 306 CE. He re -strengthened the military force, which was then defeated by the growing barbarian forces in the northern part of the empire. He also implemented economic, and governmental, reforms, in which he separated military power from administration. Because of his military reorganization he was able to protect the empire from barbarian invaders. But most of all, Constantine the Great became popular with Christian historians because he was the first Roman Emperor to baptize Christianity. His mother Helena was also baptized, who is said to have found the very cross on which Jesus was crucified.
He also enacted the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, which protected Christians from persecution, and he also ordered the building of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, on the very site where Jesus was crucified. the Romans. He opened the First Council of Nicaea, the first council setting the current doctrines of the Catholic Church in 325. He also moved the capital of the Roman Empire, from Rome to the city of Byzantium, which later bore his name Constantinople. .
Constantine the Great was proclaimed a saint in the Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran churches.
COMPOSITOR JULIO NAKPIL WAS BORN
May 22, 1867
Today is the 154th birthday of Filipino composer and revolutionary Julio Garcia Nakpil, who was born on this day in the Quiapo district of Manila. He was one of 12 children of a well-to-do family, and after two years of schooling educated himself in his home, where soya learned to play the piano.
Julio joined the Katipunan revolutionary movement, and became a close supporter of Supremo Andres Bonifacio. And as a composer, Julio accepted the task assigned to him by Bonifacio to compose songs that would inspire the revolutionaries to inflame the feelings of nationalism. One of these will serve as the anthem of the revolution, which is titled "Noble Dalits of the Tagalogs". It is said to be the first national anthem of the Philippines, but later on the change of Bonifacio's revolutionary government the composition of Julian Felipe was chosen.
Aside from being a composer, Nakpil was also appointed as the leader of the Katipunan in the northern part of Manila, and he also hid and took care of the weapons collected by the Katipunan.
When the Supremo of the Katipunan was assassinated in May 1897 he met and cared for Andres Bonifacio's widow Gregoria de Jesus. He later married her in 1898, and was blessed with six children. He was also a critic of President Emilio Aguinaldo, and once received death threats because of it. The Nakpil couple lived together until Oryang passed away in 1943.
Some of his compositions are as follows: Cefiro, Ilang-Ilang, Recuerdos de Capiz Pahimakas, Pasig Pantayanin, Biyak-na-Bato, Luz Poetica de la Aurora, and Exposicion Regional Filipina. He also won awards and medals at the Hanoi Exposition in 1902, St. Louis International Exposition in 1904 and Civic Assembly of Women in 1954.
Julio Nakpil devoted himself to creating music and writing his memoirs about the Filipino revolution. He died at the age of 93 on November 2, 1960. In 1963 the Bonifacio Centennial Committee honored Nakpil for his service to the revolution, and his grandchildren also published his memoirs. His home, Bahay Nakpil, in Quiapo, Manila, is now a museum.
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