The Book Of Yesterday | May 19
KING HENRY VIII'S SECOND WIFE ANNE BOLEYN BEATEN
May 19, 1536
On this day in 1536, in front of the public at the Tower of London in England, the life of the 36-year-old former queen of England and second wife of King Henry VIII Anne Boleyn ended with the stroke of a sword. That morning, in front of a crowd, Anne faced her death as a nobleman, and before carrying out her execution, she announced her acceptance of her fate, and then she calmly took off her elegant attire before kneeling on the behind his executioner and using a sword instead of an ax, beheaded Anne. Anne was buried in an unmarked grave inside the chapel in the Tower of London.
Anne Boleyn was born into a noble family in about 1501, and was originally scheduled to marry a nobleman who did not proceed because the father of the man to marry Anne was opposed. He met King Henry VIII who was then flirting with him even though the king was married to Catherine of Aragon. Anne did not want to be the king's lover, so Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine even though they had a child, Mary, because he could not afford to give her a son. The Pope's opposition to Henry VIII's wishes was a major factor in England's eventual escape from Roman control, and in the formation of the Anglican Church. Henry VIII did divorce Catherine and after marrying Anne Boleyn in January 1533 Anne became the new queen of England in June of the same year.
Henry VIII expected Anne to give him a son, but they had a daughter, Elizabeth. And as Henry VIII had done to Catherine, the king sought a reason to divorce Anne. While Henry VIII was in a relationship with other women he investigated Anne and he accused the queen of infidelity, incest, and conspiracy against her. Anne was arraigned in court on May 15 to face the king’s allegations against her, and one of those who testified against her was her ex-fiance. After she was stripped of her Royal title and her marriage to Henry VIII was annulled Anne was convicted and sentenced to death. Her brother George was earlier killed on charges of incest and infidelity on May 17 of the same year.
When his daughter Elizabeth became queen of England he declared his queen mother a martyr and a hero of the English Reformation. Anne Boleyn was instrumental in the establishment of the Anglican Church and the separation of the English church in Rome, and one of the influential queens of England. Henry VIII married one of his lovers, Jane Seymour, 11 days after Anne's death.
HO CHI MINH WAS BORN
May 19, 1890
Today is the 131st birthday of the father of communism in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh. His birthday is considered a national holiday in the largest socialist country in Southeast Asia.
Born on this day in 1890 as Nguyễn Sinh Cung in a barrio in Nam Đàn town, Nghệ An province in the Annam Protectorate which was then part of French Indochina. He is one of the children of the couple Nguyễn Sinh Sắc, and Hoàng Thi Loan.
He had the opportunity to go to France as a ship worker and other jobs. While in France he joined a group of socialists under the alias Nguyen Ai Quoc, and led the organization of his Vietnamese compatriots to petition the Treaty of Versailles to voice Vietnam's grievances at the hands of the French, but they were ignored at the gathering. He joined the French communist fence after the Russian revolution led by Vladimir Lenin. December 1924 when he formed a revolutionary group of Vietnamese youth, but they fled to Canton, China because of their criticism of the French colonial government, and from Canton fled to the Soviet Union, and moved mila Belgium, Paris, France to Thailand. Ho Chi Minh’s remnant followers in Hong Kong decided to form their own communist party, and in 1930, Ho Chi Minh formally founded the party his followers aspired to, the Indochinese Communist Party.
While German control of France in 1940, the Vietnamese communists under Ho Chi Minh took advantage of this opportunity to liberate Vietnam from French occupation. But in 1941 the Japanese occupied Vietnam and Ho launched an armed group called the Viet Minh to oppose the Japanese occupation, as well as the French left in Vietnam. And in a desire to mimic Lenin's occupation of power, Ho also made his own revolution and August in 1945 when Ho occupied the city of Hanoi.
On September 2, 1945, in conjunction with the surrender of the Japanese to the war, Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi declared the independence of Vietnam from the Japanese and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and he became its first President. During his 24 years as President, the Viet Minh tried to expel the French from Vietnam. But Ho's problem of total control of Vietnam did not end with the French, when war broke out between North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam.
President Ho Chi Minh died on September 2, 1969 at the age of 79, a few years before the communists took complete control of all of Vietnam in 1975.
MAURA LAW BEGINS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
May 19, 1894
On this day in 1893, a Royal decree authored by Antonio Maura y Montañer, Minister of the Colonies - the Ley de Maura de 1893, or the Maura Law - was implemented in the Philippines. This law provided for clearer administration of local governments in our country under Spanish occupation. This is the ancestor of our current Local Government Code.
According to the law, the Philippine archipelago will be divided into different towns and provinces, from Luzon to Mindanao, with the Governor-General in charge of the central government and in conjunction with the Council of Administration, Board of Authorities and the Directorate of Civil Administration. Each province will be headed by governors and the provincial council will be headed by him, the mayors will be headed by the towns and cities and the municipal council will be headed by him, and each town will be divided into different barangays or barrios. led by teniente del barrio and cabeza de barangay. The Ley de Maura also changed the name of each council in the barrio, municipality and provinces.
The purpose of such a law is to better govern and administer local governments that are no longer within the reach of the central government, and to better extend to the people the public services of the colonial government, such as health, education, agriculture, industry. and commerce and infrastructures. It also includes better tax collection and spending on tax revenue.
The Maura Law was one of the unique reforms implemented in the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines.
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