The Book Of Yesterday | May 14

2 30

Written by

GuyFromNowhere

Pixelated Words From Pixelated Imagination

3 years ago

Topics: History

THE 1935 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES RATED

May 14, 1935

By a vote of 1,213,016 in favor of ratification against 44,963 in favor, ratification of the approved Constitution of 1935 was won today in 1935 by a constitutional plebiscite. After approving the final draft of such a Constitution in the United States in March In 1935, a plebiscite was set to vote on the drafting of the Constitution.

The Constitution of 1935 became the Constitution of the Commonwealth government, which took effect at its inauguration on November 15, 1935 and also became the Constitution of the first five Presidents of the Third Republic of the Philippines. The creation, approval and ratification of such a Constitution is set out in accordance with the Philippine Independence Act of 1934, or better known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act.

The main content of such a Constitution is to define the total territory of the Philippines based on the agreements reached in the Treaty of Paris in December 1898, in Washington DC in November 1900 and between the United States and Britain in January 1930. The country's government is also based on the principle. of the separation of powers and the formation of three independent branches of government. As in the United States Constitution, the term of the President is four years, which he can extend to a second term by election, and a unicameral legislature will be applied to the legislature, in the person of the National Assembly, and appointed by the President. of the country will serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the judiciary branch.

The 1935 Constitution also stated that the United States would only grant our independence on July 4, 1946. Even after the end of the American occupation of the country, this Constitution remained until it was replaced by a new and self-made Constitution. in January 1973.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL

May 14, 1948

Today is the 73rd birthday of the nation of Israel, when David Ben-Gurion, who became the first Prime Minister of such a country, declared in the city of Tel-Aviv the establishment of such a Jewish state. This was the first time the Jews were reunited as an independent nation after the reign of King David of Israel more than 3,000 years ago. With Ben-Gurion’s declaration, early in the morning of that day, the establishment of the nation of Israel also ended several years of British occupation of all of Palestine and Jordan and it was greatly celebrated by the Jews in the newly established nation. While this was happening, gunfire erupted in southern Israel, when the Egyptian air force attacked the nation of Israel, and Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese and Jordanians were also expected to invade that country in protest of Israel's independence.

The partitioning of Palestine and the establishment of a new nation in the region were voted on at the UN General Assembly, of which the Philippines was one of the voters. Many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, also recognized the birth of the new nation. To this day, years of conflict in the region are still shrouded in instability and unrest, with many soldiers and civilians in both camps dying.

The concept of the establishment of the new nation of Israel was a concept of the Zionist movements in Europe, led by Austrian Jew Theodor Herlz, who published a manifesto called The Jewish State, calling for the establishment of a Jewish nation in native town of their ancestors. For Herlz and other Zionists this was the only solution to the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe. At that time, the Ottoman Empire still occupied the region of Palestine, so the demands of the Zionists were not met. But by virtue of the Balfour Declaration, the League of Nations had already established in 1922 the establishment of a Jewish nation in the region, and many Jews had already flocked to Palestine in the 1930s despite Arab protests. And to favor the Arabs in the region, the British limited the entry of Jews into Palestine, which the Jews also relented.

After the tragedy of the Holocaust, many of the Jewish war survivors returned to Palestine, even though many of them entered illegally. They occupied parts of Palestine that were also occupied by the Arabs, and the result was clearly chaos. The UN stepped in to settle the dispute, but the conflict between Israel and its neighbors continued in the years that followed.

KING HENRY IV OF FRANCE DIED IN MURDER

May 14, 1610

On this day in 1610, the considered defender of the Huguenot Protestants and one of the advocates of freedom of worship in France was assassinated by a Catholic - King Henry IV. The 56-year-old king of France has been murdered after being stabbed by a fanatical Catholic François Ravaillac while the king's chariot was parked on a street in the city of Paris. Ravaillac also stabs the king's companion, a nobleman, but he survives. But Henry IV was declared dead after he was taken to his palace. Authorities arrested the man who stabbed the king, tortured him and charged him in court. After admitting that he was the only one who planned to assassinate the king he was convicted and punished with horses for splitting his body.

King Henry IV was the first king of the Bourbon dynasty of France, and he was nicknamed "The Good King Henry" for his passage of the Edict of Nantes, which gave freedom to French Protestants or Huguenots, as freedom to worship and granting them basic civil rights. In his time also peace was restored in the kingdom after long years of war between Catholics and Protestants in France, which had almost spread throughout the country. Although born a Catholic, Henry of Navarre grew up in the powder of his mother who was a Huguenot and became aware of the separate sect of Christianity in France. He married Margaret de Valois, daughter of King Henry III of France, and another Henry became king of Navarre. When the massacre of the Huguenots took place throughout Paris in August 1572 the protestant Henry survived when he renounced his sect. When Henry III was assassinated, the protestant Henry occupied the vacant position and was crowned as Henry IV. But before that could happen he re-converted to Catholicism to secure control of the war-torn kingdom, and at that moment the tension between Catholics and Huguenots in France subsided. He also divorced his first wife Margaret de Valois and married Marie de Medici, sister of the former Queen of France Catherine de Medici who plotted to assassinate the Huguenots. His sincere acceptance of Catholicism in France he proved in his statement “Paris is well worth a Mass”, while he also enforced free worship in his kingdom. Henry IV also led the exploration and colonization of lands in North America.

However, many Catholics doubted his allegiance to such a religion, especially when France went to war with Catholic Spain and helped the Dutch uprising against the Spaniards. He was also tried several times by Catholics who criticized the edict implemented by the king.

After Henry IV was assassinated he was succeeded by his son Louis XIII, who was a conservative Catholic and reinstated the kingdom’s oppressive policies against Huguenot Protestants.

LOUIS XIV WAS APPOINTED AS THE NEW KING OF FRANCE

May 14, 1643

In the history of France, King Louis XIV can be considered one of the great kings who ruled that country. On this day in 1643 the then four-year-old Louis Dieudonné du Bourbon was appointed successor to the throne left by his father Louis XIII, after he had died at the age of 41. And because the new king of France ruled on his behalf throughout the kingdom his mother Queen Anne of Austria. Cardinal Jules Mazarin was also elected as its Prime Minister who will guide the leadership of the kingdom. When Cardinal Mazarin died and Louis XIV grew up he ruled directly when he was crowned king of France in September 1661. He learned from Cardinal Mazarin the political aspects of ruling the kingdom, he learned from his mother the everything needs to be learned in becoming a king, from receiving diplomatic relations in France to hunting, dancing and other palace ceremonies.

During the long reign of Louis XIV as king of France he further intensified the centralization of the kingdom and tried to end feudalism in the country. He also strengthened the army which became one of the most powerful armies in all of Europe. And just like his father, Louis XIV became an oppressive king over the Protestants, and campaigned for the re-establishment of the Catholic church in his kingdom. He wanted to restore the principle of “one king, one Law, one faith” throughout the kingdom. He repealed the Edict of Nantes enacted by his grandfather Henry IV, and the Rights eventually removed the Protestants from the kingdom, but this in turn had a negative impact on the country's economy as wealthy Huguenot businessmen left the country. And to distance himself from its citizens he moved the center of his power from Paris to his pompous and elegant Palace of Versailles in May 1682, which he built in 1661. The Palace of Versailles customized by Louis XIV became most brilliant legacy of the king, and also became the official home of nobles in France, and one of the most magnificent palaces in all of Europe. Versailles also became a reflection of the pomp of the nobility in the face of the kingdom’s sliding financial problems, due to its expenditures on participating in wars outside France, against Spain, in the Holy Roman Empire and so on. This did not deter him from building a reputation as a king, and he even considered himself the Sun King. For him, he and France were one, and France and its subjects revolved around him, to which he even uttered the words “L’état c’est moi” or I am the State. Louis XIV also became a patron of art and art flourished in France during his time.

For 72 years, sj Louis XIV was considered the longest and longest reigning king of France, and although war, financial crisis and his personal scandals engulfed his regime, he no doubt laid the foundation of magnificence and greatness. of France, something that the kings who followed him had never done before among the people who came.

He died on the first day of September 1715 at the age of 76, and was succeeded to the throne by his five -year -old grandson Louis XV.

FACEBOOK CEO MARK ZUCKERBERG WAS BORN

May 14, 1984

Today is the 36th birthday of one of the founders of the largest social networking site on the planet and its current Chief Executive Officer Mark Elliot Zuckerberg. He was born on this day in 1984 in White Plains, New York state in the United States and his ancestors were Polish, Austrian and German. He was one of five children of Karen Kempner and Edward Zuckerberg. Zuckerberg was a smart and efficient student in his youth, and he also excelled in speaking French, Hebrew, Mandarin, Latin and Greek. He also found an interest in mathematics and computers.

After attending a prestigious high school, he entered Harvard University in America, where Facebook was born, which he originally developed with his friends in psychology and computer science courses. Founded in February 2004, Facebook is the ancestor of the former website also developed by Zuckerberg, Facemash, whose sole purpose was to judge the facial expressions of female students at the university, but was later shut down for violating the university's policy. school. And unlike Facemash, Facebook succeeded and over the years it spread like wildfire all the way outside of Harvard University and all over America over the year 2006. Facebook was originally just for Harvard, Zuckerberg has expanded. its operation to serve as an instrument in disseminating information and other things. Zuckerberg became a billionaire in 2007 because of his social networking site at the age of 23, and he is currently the fifth richest person in the world, with a total net worth of 103 billion dollars. Currently with the exception of China, North Korea, Russia, Iran Facebook is spread almost all over the world, with 2.7 billion subscribers worldwide, and 76 million of them are from the Philippines. Zuckerberg has also developed and expanded Facebook's methods of signing up, logging in and ensuring privacy for the safety of its users, but Facebook accounts, including the Facebook account itself, are still not safe for hackers. Zuckerberg was touched. In 2012, Facebook became a public company, earning a staggering 86 million dollars in 2020. Facebook also saw its importance in spreading political ideology, especially when it was first used in the campaign of presidential candidates. of America in 2009, was eventually used to propagate various ideologies and beliefs.

Aside from being the co-founder and CEO of Facebook, Zuckerberg is also a philanthroper, providing financial assistance to various sectors, including providing financial assistance in conjunction with this pandemic.

Currently, he is not only the father of Facebook, but also a father to his two children with his Chinese wife Priscilla Chan.

References: