The Book Of Yesterday | May 10

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GuyFromNowhere

Pixelated Words From Pixelated Imagination

2 years ago

In community: Filipino Readers(42bb)

Topics: History

THE LAST DAY OF LONDON BLITZ

May 10, 1941

On this day in 1941, the Luftwaffe or air force of Nazi Germany bombed for the last time the capital city of the United Kingdom London. It was late at night when a large fleet of Luftwaffe bombers stormed London again and hundreds of blockbusters and bombs rained down on the United Kingdom capital again. This time, the bombings destroyed the building of the House of Commons or the British parliament. As expected, subway stations and tunnels under the city were once again occupied by the British in London. From eleven o'clock in the evening until past 5:50 am in the following are, when bombs rained down on the entire city, which is considered the most destructive air raid in such city since the Luftwaffe began attacking them in September 1940.

More than 1,400 people were killed in this latest large-scale air-raid in London, and more than 1,800 were injured. But then the Luftwaffe stopped bombing the capital, in preparation for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union next month. Nazi Germany was defeated in this eight -month invasion, as it failed to subdue the United Kingdom despite its bombings of British cities, including London.

On the same day, Rudolf Hess, Hitler's Deputy Führer, secretly flew to Britain alone for peace negotiations with the British. But his plane crashed in Scotland and Hess was arrested by the authorities, and Hess was imprisoned at the hands of the British until 1945.

During the eight-month London Blitz, more than 21,500 British in London were killed in a series of Luftwaffe air raids, and it created massive damage to infrastructure, including luxury buildings in London, and to properties. But it did not destroy the morale of the British people, and it remained standing in the face of the threat of Nazi Germany's occupation.

THE BEGINNING OF THE SEPOY UPRISING IN INDIA

May 10, 1857

Today in India's history marks the 164th anniversary of what they consider to be the first large-scale movement for their country's independence from British occupation-the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or better known as the Sepoy Mutiny, adapted from Sepoy soldiers who led this uprising. The Sepoys were the Indian soldiers who served in the army of the British Raj, the United Kingdom colony throughout India and Pakistan.

Although the members of the Sepoy were purely Indians, they were still led by British officials, but nevertheless the Sepoys remained loyal to their superiors, until the years 1830 and 1840.

Aside from the discrimination experienced by British officials and their open grabbing of Indian states that no longer had local leaders, religion was also a major factor in this uprising. Many of the Sepoys were forcibly converted to Christianity from the Islamic and Hindi religions, already trampling on their freedom of worship, and word spread throughout the regiment that a new class of rifle would be used by the British. The bullets of the new musket wrapped in paper are lubricated to make it easier to insert the bullet into the muzzle of the gun.

The fat in the bullets is said to come from pork and beef fat, and Muslims and Hindus are forbidden to use anything made from pork and beef.

For the Sepoys, this was a clear message from the British that they had let go of their faith.

It was here that the Sepoys began to revolt against their superiors, which began in the town of Meerut, where more than 35,000 Sepoys of the Bengal Army revolted against the British. The uprising spread from the Ganges river region to almost the whole of India.

The Sepoys were violent and bloody against the British, not only against their officers, but also against British civilians living in India. The Emperor of the Mughal Empire, Bahadur Shah, was also restored to the throne. The Sepoys also turned on the Indians who were cooperating with the opponents. The British also captured the capital of the British Raj Delhi. But foreigners also sowed cruelty on the rebels. Most severely of all, the bodies of the captured Sepoys were tied to the mouth of the cannon and then fired. There were also several incidents of arson by the British in the community collaborating with the rebels.

Eventually, Delhi fell to the British again and they also suppressed the Sepoy rebellion of 1858. Although the rebellion disbanded the British East India Company, the British monarchy directly ruled the entire British Raj until the liberation of India in 1947.

LOUIS XVI AND MARIE ANTOINETTE CROWNED KING AND QUEEN OF FRANCE

May 10, 1774

After King Louis XV died of smallpox at the age of 64, the deceased king's 19-year-old grandson was immediately appointed successor to the throne as the new heir to the kingdom under the Bourbon dynasty-Louis Capet, on it was in 1774. On June 11 of the same year, after a month of mourning the death of Louis XV, Louis Capet was crowned king of France as Louis XVI and his 19-year-old Austrian wife Marie Antoinette as Queen of France, in a lavish ceremony at Reims Cathedral in France. The country’s enormous financial problems and the country’s bitter defeat in the Seven Years War led by his grandfather, against Britain, became a problem for the leadership of the new and young king and queen. In the face of the French people already losing confidence and trust in the monarchy, Louis XVI himself knew that he was not ready and qualified to accept the heavy responsibility.

During the nearly 20 years of Louis XVI's reign as king of France the whole kingdom was enveloped in a variety of problems, from the financial crisis left by his grandfather, exacerbated by Louis XVI's involvement in the American war against Britain, to scandals such as her infertility, her Austrian wife Marie Antoinette who was hated and despised by the French for her luxurious lifestyle in front of the impoverished citizens and its scandalous lifestyle inside the palace. His inability to make sound decisions also added to the problem of his rule as king. However, he did everything to restore the people’s trust in the government, such as tax reform, thanks to his finance minister Jacques Necker, and freedom of worship and religion. But it still has not been enough to solve the crises that France has borne. Nor did the Estates-General, which he summoned in May 1789, solve the problem of taxation, as the privileges of the clergy and nobility still remained as they did not pay taxes. Ordinary citizens formed the National Assembly, separate from the Estates-General, but Louis XVI considered it illegal.

The French Revolution broke out in his time because of a great mistake; he removed Necker, a reformist, from office. Louis XVI also showed his true color to the French revolutionaries despite his willingness to accept the Declaration of Human Rights, to have settled in Paris from Versailles, and to accept the Constitution that limited his power as king. June 1791 when Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and their two children attempted to flee France to seek help in Austria to restore the throne to her. He was captured in the town of Varrenes in France and returned to Paris as a king prisoner of the revolutionaries, who were already losing respect and trust in the king. In August 1792, while France was at war against the European kingdoms, they overthrew Louis XVI and the royal family of France, signaling the end of the millennial monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic.

Inside their prison, the former royal family had lost everything; the kingdom, the throne, their titles and eventually their heads. Former king Louis XVI was beheaded in Paris, France on January 21, 1793 after being convicted of treason. Marie Antoinette followed her death in October of the following year, and was treated until their 10-year-old son Louis Charles died in 1795. Their surviving daughter Marie Therese lived for several years until 1848.

THE MURDER OF BROTHERS ANDRES AND PROCORPIO BONIFACIO

May 10, 1897

It has been exactly 124 years since one of the tragedies in our history occurred. In the early hours of 1897, the soldiers of the revolutionary government army led by Major Lazaro Makapagal marched the brothers Andres and Procopio Bonifacio, until they reached the foot of Mount Buntis in the town of Maragondon, Cavite. After temporarily stopping walking, Major Makapagal read to the brothers the verdict awarded to them by the Consejo de Guerra enclosed in a sealed envelope. After this are the events of the murder of the Bonifacio brothers whose stories are different. But since Major Makapagal was the only survivor of the group of soldiers who killed the Bonifacio brothers, his testimonies are the only reliable authentic account of what happened to Andres and Procopio Bonifacio.

According to Makapagal, the two brothers were shot, but that day, Andres ran away after shooting Procopio, but Andres was also hit by a rifle bullet and died. After that, buried in a shallow pit.

Another statement from Guillermo Masangkay, one of Andres Bonifacio's Katipunero allies, that he heard from one of the soldiers who were among those who killed the brothers, saying that Procopio was shot and Andres was mentally hacked while in the cradle.

Although the accounts of the deaths of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio have been different, the siblings must have died at the hands of Major Makapagal on Mount Buntis in Maragondon, Cavite. In 1918, the bones of the supposedly killed Supremo of the Katipunan were excavated on Mount Nagpatong, just a few meters away from Mount Buntis, but without the bones of his brother Procopio. Although it is doubtful whether the recovered bones really belonged to Andres, they are still featured in the collection of artifacts at the National Museum and were even used in politics during the Presidential Elections of 1935 when Emilio Aguinaldo, the himself ordered the execution of Andres Bonifacio. Unfortunately, the bones of the Supremo were once again lost and never found after the National Museum was destroyed during the 1945 war.

It will be recalled that Andres and Procopio Bonifacio were convicted on charges of treason, sedition and attempted murder of General Aguinaldo, although there was no solid evidence presented by the Consejo de Guerra to testify to the accusations.

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