The Book Of Yesterday | Jun 8
ICONIC PHOTO OF "NAPALIM GIRL" WAS TAKEN DURING THE VIETNAM WAR
June 8, 1972
One of the iconic and striking photographs of the Vietnam War is the photograph of a naked girl running alongside some Vietnamese civilians, photographed on this day in 1972.
American Vietnamese photojournalist Nick Ut took a photo of a group of fleeing South Vietnamese civilians on the road, along with a young woman crying as she ran closer to the photographer. South Vietnam planes attacked a Viet Cong communist camp in the communist -occupied town of Trang Bang, where the girl’s village lives nearby. According to Ut, the girl was screaming because of the intense burn she received from the napalm bomb dropped by the planes, and with the explosion of the napalm bombs the expelled scorching napalm spread and inflicted severe bodily injury.
When Ut published the photo he wanted it published in the New York Times of America, but it was rejected at first due to the issue of the nudity of the photo, but was later approved as well. After the photo was published in the New York Times, it became very popular and even won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography and was even selected as World Press Photo of the Year in 1973.
The woman in the photo was identified as Phan Thi Kim Phuc, a Vietnamese who currently lives as a naturalized citizen in Canada. According to him, he could almost die from the heat and pain of the napalm that covered his skin, and he was even used in the propaganda of the Vietnamese communists after the war. Phuc converted to Christianity after surviving his suicide attempt in 1982, and moved to Cuba to continue his studies there. There he met and married another Vietnamese, Bui Huy Toan, and decided to settle in Canada.
Aside from being a symbol of the violence caused by war, Phuc's photo also became an advocate of global peace and cooperation, saying in one of his speeches that even if we can't change what happened in the past, everyone must be able to unite and work together for a peaceful future.
LOUIS XVII OF FRANCE DIED
June 8, 1795
On this day in 1795, two years after being completely orphaned, the surviving son of the beheaded Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy - or King Louis XVII - died at the age of 10. views of the French royalists. The young king died inside his jail at Temple Prison in Paris, where his sister Marie Therese and her parents were also imprisoned. His early demise is said to have resulted in the tyranny and neglect of him by a revolutionary named Antoine Simon.
July 3, 1793 when the revolutionaries forcibly removed Louis Charles from his mother in prison, to take care of the child to Antoine Simon and teach him to be a "citizen of the revolution". Simon and his wife are said to have forced and abused the child to forget his nobility and the existence of God, which his mother once heard singing revolutionary songs while crying. Aside from the severe torture, the couple also starved and abandoned the child for a long time. But worst of all, the young king was also forced to sign a false testimony that would accuse his own mother of raping him. This was the testimony used against Marie Antoinette when she was indicted in a kangaroo trial, which Antoinette strongly protested.
Her parents, as well as her aunt Elizabeth, were beheaded in May 1794, while her sister was unaware of the abuse she was being subjected to. At his death, the revolutionaries succeeded in ending the last Bourbon family that once ruled over them.
His remains are buried in a cemetery in Paris, but left in the Basilica de Saint Denis, where the remains of his parents lie, is his preserved heart.
After the death of his brother Louis-Joseph in June 1789, Louis Charles was appointed Dauphin or heir to the throne of Louis XVI, but it was overthrown when the revolution broke out and the royal family was removed from power.
The lives of Louis XVI's two remaining children became miserable during the revolution. A few years later, when Napoleon Bonaparte was ousted in 1815, the monarchy was restored to France and his uncle Louis XVIII became king. And just like in the story of Princess Anastasia of Russia, many believed the young Louis was not yet dead, and as many as 100 impostors identified themselves as the missing Dauphin, but also dismissed their claims.
THE FESTIVAL OF THE SUPREME BEING INTRODUCED
June 8, 1794
On this day in 1794, the guillotine slaughter was temporarily halted to allow in Paris, France the inauguration of a fancy festival introducing a new kind of religion to replace Catholicism in France-the Cult of the Supreme Being. This lavish ceremony was held on the Champs de Mars in Paris, in the same place where the celebration of the first anniversary of the French Revolution was held.
Painter Jacques-Louis David organized the grand but unique ceremony of the new religion on the erected artificial mountain with a planted tree called the “Tree of Freedom”, and that morning, in front of thousands people, revolutionary and lawyer Maximilien Robespierre led the celebration to inaugurate the new religion, which became the state religion of the first Republic of France.
The Cult of the Supreme Being is a type of deistic religion, whose main doctrine is the belief in the immortality of the soul and recognition of the existence of a Almighty Being or God who is said to be guiding the revolution. While it rejects the God of the Abrahamic religion, it also rejects the atheism that radicals such as Jacques-René Hébert want to spread throughout the country, and believes it still needs a deemed god to serve as the guide of the state. For Robespierre, the belief in the existence of a godfather was necessary for more zealous service to the state and for achieving civic virtue. Such a religion has no church because for Robespierre, nature and the universe are the church and the home of the mighty being.
One of the radical changes that took place in France during the revolution was the abandonment of Christianity and its old -fashioned traditional influences. The law establishing the Cult of the Supreme Being was passed at the National Convention on May 7 of the same year, and regarded the inauguration of the new religion as the culmination of religious change in France and Robespierre’s growing power as leader of the revolution. Although many rejoiced at the existence of the new religion, his critics thought that Robespierre had lost his sanity and wanted to consider himself a god or equal to the Pope.
Such religion gradually lost its popularity with the fall of the Jacobins and the tragic death of Robespierre in July 1794. On April 8, 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte finally abolished this religion and all the religious changes implemented in the French Revolution. , as part of France’s reconciliation with the Catholic church.
MARIANO PONCE WROTE TO EMILIO AGUINALDO ABOUT JAPANESE WANTING TO BE MEMBERS OF THE PHILIPPINE ARMY
June 8, 1899
On this day in 1899, two letters were sent to President Emilio Aguinaldo from Filipino writer and reformist Mariano Ponce based in Yokohama, Japan as the Philippines ’representative to Japan. Mariano Ponce's letters state that five Imperial Japanese military officers volunteered to serve in the Filipino army during the Filipino-American War. Ponce also told Aguinaldo in the said letter that they were ready to give their service to the First Republic. According to him, he carefully selected five Japanese to serve as volunteers in our army. These are Captain Tei Hara, Nishiuchi, Nakamori, Inatomi, and Miyai. Captain Hara was the leader of the five Japanese and according to historical records, he had previously fought in China during the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894, and served under the leadership of General Tomas Mascardo during the revolution. Of all five, Captain Hara was the most zealous Japanese volunteer who served our country during the war against America, who before dying in 1933 he told his brothers to wait for the independence of the Philippines, and let his grave.
Ever since the time of the Filipino revolution, the Philippines has seen Japan, then emerging as a powerful Asian nation, as their ally against western colonialism, although some Japanese refused to participate in the revolution against Spain. In the last years of the 20th century, Japan became a haven for the proponents of Pan-Asianism and the independence of Asian countries from the west, where some of the Chinese, Koreans and Filipinos who promoted the idea such as Sun Yat Sen, Artemio Ricarte and Mariano Ponce. President Aguinaldo also instructed Ponce to purchase additional weapons and ammunition from Japan, which did not reach our country due to a typhoon in Taiwan.
References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being#:~:text=The%20Cult%20of%20the%20Supreme,rival%2C%20the%20Cult%20of%20Reason.
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