The Book Of Yesterday | July 9

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GuyFromNowhere

Pixelated Words From Pixelated Imagination

3 years ago

In community: Filipino Readers(42bb)

Topics: History

SOUTH SUDAN DECLARED THEIR KARINLAN FROM SUDAN

July 9, 2011

On this day in 2011, the new and 54th country on the African continent-the Republic of South Sudan-was born. The country was declared independent after decades of clashes between South Sudan's independence advocates and the Sudanese government, and its six -year autonomy. Salva Kiir was sworn in as the newborn country’s first President, and Riek Machar as its Deputy President.

The declaration of South Sudan’s sovereignty was the result of a referendum adopted in January of the same year. At the age of 10, South Sudan is considered the youngest sovereign country in the world, becoming the 194th member of the United Nations Organization on July 14, 2011.

After Sudan's liberation from Egyptian occupation in 1956, the country was engulfed in civil war until the Autonomous Region of southern Sudan was established in 1972 to 1983. Civil war erupted again that ended only with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It continued to be fought. of the independent region of Southern Sudan its sovereignty until 2011.

South Sudan currently has a population of over 12,770,000 people, and Juba is its capital and largest city. Since Salva Kiir took office as its President, many incidents of killings of journalists and indigenous people, and human rights abuses have been reported in the country, and the government is being blamed for them.

THE ATTACK OF ALLIES FORCES ON SICILY'S SILVER

July 9, 1943

While German forces were busy fighting the Soviets at Kursk, the Soviet Union’s allies the United States and Britain also began to move into Europe on this day in 1943. Under Operation Husky, amphibious and airborne were launched. invasion of up to 150,000 American and British soldiers led by veteran generals George S. Patton of America and Bernard Montgomery of Britain in the southern part of the island of Sicily in Italy. The bombing of their warships supported the landing of Allies forces in Sicily, with the exception of a few fights by German and Italian forces and they were easily captured within a few days. The defeat of the Axis forces in its campaign in northern Africa in May 1943 weakened the defense of Sicily.

This invasion posed a major threat to both dictators Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. The fascist government in Italy was gradually weakening and Mussolini was losing support and popularity in the eyes of the Italian people due to its successive defeats in the wars, and because Hitler had to help the defeated ally he was forced to send the his reserve troops stationed at Kursk to Italy. However, allied Germany and Italy were determined not to give up Sicily. In the mountains of Sicily, German and Italian forces fortified to block the more powerful American and British forces, but the Axis were also trapped in their own fortifications as they were quickly surrounded by the Americans and British in the far north of the island. On August 17, although the whole of Sicily was completely captured, Generals Patton and Montgomery failed to catch the Germans and Italians because they had already fled to the Italian mainland.

The Allies ’invasion of Sicily marked the beginning of the Allies’ campaign to overthrow Hitler’s Italian ally and Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime in Italy.

CATHERINE THE GREAT ACTED AS TSARINA MG RUSSIA

July 9, 1762

For the first time, there was a female ruler the third largest terrestrial empire in the world, in the person of a Prussian woman Grand Duchess Yekaterina Alekseyevna or known in history as Catherine the Great.

On this day in 1762, Yekaterina Alekseyevna was awarded the title of Imperatris of Russia, after she had led a successful coup against her own husband Czar Peter III, who was also deposed as Czar of Russia. It was July 17 of the same year when Peter III was murdered by Grigori Orlov's brother, who was allegedly Yekaterina's lover although there was no evidence that he himself had killed his ex-wife.

Russia’s expulsion of Peter III was a result of cutting off its war with Prussia and implementing programs that improved the lives of poor citizens and his deprivation of the privileges of certain aristocrats. Yekaterina, also concerned about her husband's actions, conspired with Russian military aristocrats to oust the Czar.

Son of a Prussian nobleman, the then Princess Sophie Anhalt-Zerbst was reconciled at the age of 15 to a Russian nobleman Karl Peter Ulrich, at the request of Peter The Great’s daughter Elizabeth. After studying the Russian language and being baptized into Russian Orthodox, Sophie changed her name to Grand Duchess Yekaterina Alekseyevna, and became Queen Consort of Karl Ulrich who became Peter III in January 1762. While married to Peter III, she was involved in intercession to another man, and it was rumored that his son Paul who would become Czar was his son to another man.

September 22, 1762 when she was crowned as Yekaterina II, the first woman to rule Russia. During her 34 years of rule Russia witnessed a resurgence of modernization as Peter the Great did, and as a result of Western influence in Russia Catherine the Great also embraced the philosophies of the Enlightenment, but implemented non fair policy towards the working classes in Russia, especially towards the serfs. His regime was also engulfed in rebellions, particularly the uprising of the Cossacks led by Purgachev, which was quickly suppressed by the Empress, and her scandalous life in the palace. Catherine II also took full control of the ports in the Black Sea as a result of the Russo-Turkish War and she also gained new territories from Poland, and saw in her regime the attempted conquest of Alaska, and also opened trade with Japan. She also founded the first women's-only academy in Europe, which was limited only to noble women, and because she was so obsessed with art, she also built one of the oldest art museums in the world, the Hermitage Museum, in St. Petersburg. In the last moments of his life, intense gossip was spread by his political enemies, when he was accused of bestiality or intercourse with an animal, particularly a horse, which was strongly denied.

She died at the age of 67 of a stroke on November 17, 1796, one of the oldest and greatest women to rule a monarchy in Europe.

ARTURO PINEDA ALCARAZ WINS IBM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AWARD

July 9, 1985

On this day in 1985, the Science and Technology Awards of IBM or International Business Machines were awarded to the so -called Father of Geothermal Energy Arturo Pineda Alcaraz. Apart from this, Alcaraz has twice won the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Awards; first was in 1979 for the International Understanding category and in 1982 for the Government Services category, for his unique service through his talent as a volcanologist to make sense of the appreciation of our country’s mineral resources.

Alcaraz studied at the University of Wisconsin in the United States on the Master of Science in Geology course as a government scholar. He used his studies to conceptualize the availability of power supply source from underground fumes. From 1951 to 1974 when he was appointed Chief Volcanologist by the newly formed Commission on Volcanology, the agency under the National Research Council.

In Tiwi, Albay Alcaraz proved his long -standing theory about Geothermal energy, when he tried to light a bulb with a steam -powered generator from a dug one -inch -diameter hole 400 feet deep, and the this experiment. In 1967, due to this innovation by Alcaraz, the first geothermal power plant in the Philippines was opened in the town of Tiwi.

May 10, 2001 when Arturo Alcaraz passed away at the age of 84.

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