The Book Of Yesterday | July 7

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GuyFromNowhere

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3 years ago

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Topics: History

THE LARGEST BANZAI CHARGE OF JAPANESE SOLDIERS

July 7, 1944

Ever since the bloody "island-hopping" of American forces against Japanese forces in the Pacific began, the so-called "banzai charge" has become a dreaded and desperate tactic of the Japanese forces, in which a large battalion of Japanese will surprise attack. on enemy lines and attack them with bayonets on their rifles while shouting "Tenno Heika, Banzai!" o Long live the Emperor in Japanese.

And in the last days of the American campaign on the Pacific island of Saipan on this day in 1944, they faced what is considered the largest banzai charge in history, as part of the last Japanese offensive against the Americans on Saipan. At the behest of General Yoshitsugu Saito, more than 4,300 soldiers and even Japanese civilians, mostly armed with bamboo spears, attacked the line of the 105th Infantry Regiment of the American sailors at the same time just before sunrise. led by General Holland Smith.

The Americans strongly defended against the tsunami-like blast of the Japanese in their ranks, where many of them were stabbed with enemy bayonets. Nearly 500 Americans were killed in the Japanese tsunami-like aggression, but eventually the relentless onslaught of the Japanese banzai charge was also prevented. To make sure that all the Japanese were dead, they also shot the corpses they had scattered.

By the end of the American offensive on Saipan, more than 3,400 American sailors had been killed in nearly a month's campaign, while more than 29,000 Japanese soldiers, including the four generals who commanded Saipan, had otherwise been killed in the fighting committed suicide instead. to give up. The campaign also killed 29,000 Japanese civilians who also chose to commit suicide rather than surrender to the enemy. Several Japanese soldiers hid in the forests of Saipan even after the war ended in August 1945, including the only Japanese survivor in the ensuing banzai charge Captain Sakae Oba, nicknamed “The Fox” because of his elusiveness. It was the first day of December, 1945 when Captain Oba and his comrades surrendered to the Americans.

The banzai charge in Saipan in 1944 is considered to be the last terrestrial banzai charge.

THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN FRANCE AND RUSSIA ON TILSIT

July 7, 1807

On top of a barge on the river Neman, one of the historic peace treaties in Europe took place on this day in 1807. As a result of Napoléon Bonaparte’s victory in the battle of Friedland against the Russians in June 1807, Emperor Napoléon and Tsar Alexander I of Russia in the town of Tilsit (now Sovetsk in Kaliningrad, Russia) the treaty ended a two -year war between two powerful European Emperors, and as a result, Russia became an ally of France and also formed friendship. between two Emperors.

Under the Treaty of Tilsit, France promised Russia that they would join Russia's war with the Ottoman Empire, in return Russia promised that Russia would participate in Napoléon's Continental System, a massive blockade of Europe's trade with United Kingdom, Napoléon's rival, to facilitate the British surrender to Napoléon. Eventually, Russia agreed for France to occupy Russian territory on the Ionian island in Greece. Napoléon also suggested that he marry the sister of Tsar Alexander I, something the Tsar did not grant.

Two days passed before another enemy of France reconciled; the Prussia, as a result of their defeat in the last battles. In this treaty, Prussia agreed to relinquish a very large part of its territory, which resulted in the formation of new kingdoms which became Napoléon's client states; the Duchy of Warsaw, Kingdom of Westphalia and Free City of Danzig. Prussia also agreed to reduce its army to 43,000 soldiers and also paid damages to France. Napoléon also became an ally of this treaty with Prussia to fight his rivals Britain and Sweden.

The alliance of Russia and France lasted only five years under this agreement when Napoleon discovered that Russia was boating on two rivers, without Russia complying with the Continental System and secretly trading with the British. This was the reason for breaking the Treaty of the two countries and Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812. Prussia saw Napoléon's weakness when his conquest of Russia failed, so he also broke the treaty and joined the new alliance of nations against in France in 1813.

ESTABLISH THE KATIPUNAN

July 7, 1892

In a house on Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) in Tondo, Manila, the place where its founding chief was born and raised, a secret revolutionary organization named Supreme Reverend was born on this day in 1892. -respected Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKKZLl.B). It was formed by Andres Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Jose Dizon, Valentin Diaz and Deodato Arellano, all members of the newly established La Liga Filipina, in a secret meeting late at night, just a day after hearing of the arrest of Spanish authorities founded La Liga Dr. Jose Rizal.

For Bonifacio, there was no room in Spain's deaf ears to demand reforms, with armed struggle the only option left for complete change in the country. There are only three purposes of this organization; political - complete independence of the Philippines from Spain, moral - teaching proper manners and renunciation of false fanaticism in the Catholic church, and psychological - help the oppressed and the poor.

Because Bonifacio was a member of the Masons, the Katipunan also accepted and used the ceremonies and symbolisms used in the Masons, except for the method of gathering new members. Deodato Arellano became the first President of the Katipunan, until Bonifacio occupied the position after Roman Basa's term in 1894.

The system of recruiting new members is simple, they are subjected to three stages of testing. It also has its own system of governance divided into three, and follows laws. Katipunan student member Emilio Jacinto wrote a collection of lessons that the Katipunan should follow, the Katipunan Cartel, and Bonifacio wrote the Ten Principles that Katipuneros should have. The Katipunan also published the periodical Ang Kalayaan, in January 1896, which contained the ideologies of the organization. By 1896, the Katipunan had more than 3,000 members; whether rich or poor, students or professionals, government or army officials, businessmen and workers and government employees.

As the number of organizations swelled, it became impossible for the Katipunan to keep it secret. By 1893 the friars and officials were already receiving reports of the mysterious disappearances of men every night, and other evidence that would point to the presence of the Katipunan, but they had no solid proof of their suspicions. Due to the betrayal of a Katipunero, the organization was formed on August 19, 1896. Katipunan activity spread at the beginning of the revolution, from Tarlac to Manila, Cavite and the Bicol region. The Katipunan was further divided into two factions, which caused the Katipunan leadership to become further fragmented.

Although the organization was disbanded with the formation of a new revolutionary government at the Tejeros convention in March 1897, the Katipunan remained active in remote Philippine provinces, leading uprisings against the Spaniards in the Ilocos region, Pangasinan to the Visayas. and Mindanao.

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