The Book Of Yesterday | July 6

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GuyFromNowhere

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2 years ago

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Topics: History

FRENCH CHEMIST LOUIS PASTEUR FIRST TESTS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION AGAINST RAVIES

July 6, 1886

A historic innovation not only in the field of science but in medicine was made by the French chemist Louis Pasteur on this day in 1886. Together with his medical counterpart Emile Roux, they first tested the effectiveness of the drug they developed against deadly rabies in a nine -year -old boy Joseph Meister, who was nearly mauled by a ferocious dog. With Roux's help, Pasteur was able to develop an anti-rabies drug using a weaker type of rabies virus extracted from a rabbit's spinal cord.

Pasteur continued to inject the drug into Meister for 11 days, even though he was not a licensed doctor and despite the possibility that the child's family would sue him if the child was harmed. After giving Meister 13 shots of the anti -rabies drug, the child’s condition improved and he was saved from certain death due to rabies.

Pasteur's experiment was a success, and in the months that followed he was flooded with dog bites from France to the United States, and eventually was able to create dosages of rabies vaccine. This method of treating rabies was quickly accepted and spread almost all over the world in 1890. To this day some medical agencies around the world still use the formula of the rabies vaccine developed by Pasteur, which should will be injected continuously for two to three weeks.

Rabies was not the only disease that Pasteur successfully fought, because in 1879, with the help of German biologist Robert Koch, they vaccinated against the deadly anthrax, which infects animals such as sheep, cattle and goats, and even to people.

Louis Pasteur is recognized in the field of chemistry and biology for his invented process of preserving wines and milk, and for his unique studies about the nature of bacteria, which laid the foundation for modern bacteriology.

NAPOLEON BONOPARTE'S VICTORY IN THE BATTLE AGAINST AUSTRIA IN WAGRAM

July 6, 1809

On this day in 1809, Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte achieved his victory in the battle against his mortal enemy the Austrian Empire near the town of Wagram in Austria. After a day -long offensive of more than 180,000 French soldiers against more than 155,000 Austrian soldiers led by Archduke Charles, brother of Emperor Francis II, Napoleon successfully defeated Austria, as he recovered from the defeat of the Austrians in the battle of the two towns in the Austrian Aspern and Essling on 22nd May.

Napoleon spent two months preparing the move so that he could recover from his first defeat to the Austrians since the outbreak of the Napoléonic Wars in 1805. It was 5 July when Napoleon began his army's rapid attack on the Austrians, but failed. the first waves of Napoléon's attack on Archduke Charles on the first day of the battle. Austrian soldiers next attacked the French ranks, and attempted to surround the enemy, but the attempt failed. Napoléon draws his strongest cards; the knights rushed into the line of the Austrian opponents, where it effectively broke the lines of the Austrians, and then he ordered that cannons be fired at them. Many of the Austrians were killed in the bloody rain of cannon bullets into their ranks. It was afternoon when the Austrians began to retreat from the battle, until French troops overtook him in another battle near Wagram. Bloody was the end of the battle at Wagram for both sides; 40,000 Austrian soldiers were killed while more than 35,000 Frenchmen were killed in the fighting. He admitted that he could no longer fight the French, so Archduke Charles was forced to sign an armistice with Napoléon.

After the defeat of the Austrians by the French at Austerlitz in December 1805, the Austrians were once again embarrassed by Napoléon and forced to sign a peace treaty with Napoléon in October 1809, with heavy sanctions imposed by Napoléon, such as reducing Austria in 1/6 of the total coverage of his empire. This treaty also ended the fifth alliance of nations against Napoléon. Napoléon's victory at Wagram was the last victory of his career as a great general, and can be considered the greatest of all Napoléonic battles.

THE FIRST COUP AGAINST PRESIDENT CORAZON AQUINO

July 6, 1986

Less than half a year into the first year of the term of the first woman President of our Republic, Corazon Aquino, her administration faced an attempted coup on this day in 1986, involving Filipino soldiers and civilians who remained loyal to the ousted President Ferdinand Marcos.

Nearly 500 soldiers and 5,000 Marcos loyalists attacked the Manila Hotel in Luneta, and occupied it for 37 hours. Former Vice President Marcos Arturo Tolentino arrived on the scene, and announced that former President Marcos had given him permission to occupy the position of President. He was even sworn in as the "President of the Philippines", in front of Marcos' loyalists and even appointed members of his cabinet, and he even declared that the said hotel would be Tolentino's temporary "center of government". Those who participated in the coup called for constitutional reform and stronger action against communism.

The coup also coincided with mass demonstrations by students in colleges and universities in Manila, the administration's slow action on agrarian reform for the converted rebels, and the slow pace of the Aquino administration's move for ceasefire between the military and the CPP-NPA rebels. Marcos' supporters barricaded the hotel and even filled the entire hotel with Marcos-Tolentino flags.

President Aquino did not take the coup seriously, calling it a sloppy gimmick and propaganda by Marcos' supporters, and assured the public that the military was in control of the situation. He also set a 24 -hour ultimatum for Marcos' supporters to leave the hotel and the coup soldiers surrender peacefully. The power and water supply to the hotel was cut off and roads around the hotel were blocked to ensure the surrender of the occupants there.

On July 8, Tolentino also resigned from his presidency, insisting that Marcos' supporters only pressured him, and said that he respected the people's will to install Corazon Aquino. The coup soldiers also surrendered, after brief negotiations. On condition of pardoning them, they were sworn in again by the Freedom Constitution and pushed-ups only 20 times.

Although the coup ended quietly, it did not cover the damage caused by the coup to the Manila Hotel, where the total value of damaged property and equipment inside the hotel reached more than 10 million pesos and lost revenue due to canceled bookings. , and also reported the assault of some loyalists on two people and the destruction of a news patrol jeep.

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