The Book Of Yesterday | April 30
THE END OF THE VIETNAM WAR
April 30, 1975
After nearly two decades of bloody, violent and long fighting between the two divided Vietnam, the Vietnam War formally ended on this day in 1975 when South Vietnam’s capital Saigon fell into the hands of North Vietnamese communists and the President signed of South Vietnam of his country’s unconditional surrender to communist Vietnam. It signaled the end of the Vietnam War with the rule of the socialist regime in Vietnam, first propagated by Ho Chi Minh. The Vietnam War was one of the major battles that took place during the Cold War supported by the two superpower countries the United States and the Soviet Union.
After the end of the Japanese occupation of Indochina, which included Vietnam, in September 1945, Ho Chi Minh's supporters focused on expelling the French colonizers from Vietnam and overthrowing Emperor Bao Dai to control the entire country. Wanting to imitate the revolution led by Vladimir Lenin in Russia, Ho Chi Minh began the fight for control of Vietnam and successfully ousted the French occupiers there in 1954. But as in Korea, ideology divided capitalism. and communism the country of Vietnam for 20 years, with Ho Chi Minh ruling North Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem leading democratic South Vietnam, which was still in effect under the Geneva Conference in 1954, which set 17 degrees latitude is the border of the divide between the two Vietnam, but such a conference also set a special election for the reunification of Vietnam.
While the United States has expressed support for South Vietnam, the Diem government is working to suppress the communists in Vietnam with American military equipment and with the help of the CIA. Hundreds of thousands of Viet Cong or communists were killed by Diem, so North Vietnam retaliated and attacked South Vietnamese government officials. It was here that the fighting between the two countries began, which not only supported but also provided arms and soldiers by the American and Soviet Union countries to the two Vietnam.
The number of people killed in the Vietnam War expanded to three million people, most of them Vietnamese civilians and it also caused negative psychological consequences to the Americans who fought in the Vietnam War. Several stories of heinous violence have spread throughout Vietnam. The Vietnam War also divided the sentiments of Americans in their country, most of whom no longer wanted to be involved in the war and called for the removal of their soldiers there. It also affected the Philippines because of the same sentiment, especially when President Ferdinand Marcos approved the sending of our troops to Vietnam. After a brief ceasefire in 1973, the two rival Vietnamese ended up in peace negotiations, until the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam was announced.
At present, diplomatic and economic relations between the two former rivals, the United States and Vietnam, are strong.
ADOLF HITLER AND EVA BRAUN COMMIT SUICIDE
April 30, 1945
The sequel to the last moments of Nazi Germany’s dictator Adolf Hitler on this day in 1945 is detailed by Hitler’s last companions inside his Fuhrerbunker. A few hours after the wedding of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun, the two of them were just preparing for the death while they were together. From under his bunker, the sound of gunfire outside and the roar of bombs could be heard. Soviet forces were just a few blocks away from Berlin, from the Reich Chancellery, and Hitler knew it was all over with him and his dream “millennial Third Reich”. Hitler became increasingly praning, that even the poison he would use to kill himself he thought would only make him unconscious to surrender him to the Soviets. Hitler enlisted the help of an SS doctor Werner Haase for a more effective method of suicide; swallowing poison once self -shot. It also helped test the effectiveness of the poison on Hitler's pet dog Blondi, a German shepherd, and on its puppies and the dogs died. He also instructed his personal SS bodyguard Otto Gunsche to burn his and Eva's corpses with petroleum.
At 1 a.m. on April 30, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel reported in his telegram that the Soviets had intercepted defenses sent from General Walther Wenck, in order to break the Soviet encirclement of the city. The Soviets had already surrounded the central district of Berlin, including the Reichstag building and Reich Chancellery. The city’s chief defense commander, General Helmuth Weidling, reported to Hitler that the Berlin garrison would fall to the Soviets at any time, and again asked permission for the army to break out of the Soviet line in Berlin, but Hitler did not allow him at first, but in the afternoon General Weidling did as well.
Hitler even ate his last dinner with his cook and his secretary Traudl Junge, and then said goodbye to his faithful disciples and generals. It was past two o'clock in the afternoon when Hitler and Eva Braun entered Hitler's living room in the Fuhrerbunker, and outside his disciples were waiting. While this was happening, the Soviets began their offensive on the destroyed Reichstag building, which was guard-closed by the SS and some Wehrmacht soldiers. Meanwhile, the native city of Nazi ideology, Munich, fell to the Americans.
At 2:30 p.m., Eva Braun swallowed poison, and also swallowed poison and then Hitler shot her in the head with her pistol. After Gunsche and Hitler's valet Heinz Linge examined the dead bodies of Hitler and Eva, sitting on a sofa, Günsche declared to those waiting outside that their Führer was dead.
As Hitler had ordered, Günsche carried the bodies of the two out of the emergency exit of the Führerbunker and then burned them with more than 200 gallons [200 L] of gasoline in a small bomb crater. Those who brought and burned Hitler's corpse gave their last Nazi salute before re-entering the bunker.
Germany’s designated President Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz announced on Berlin radios the “hero’s death” of their Führer, and appealed to Germans to resist. On the first day of May, General Hans Krebs announced in front of General Vasili Chuikov of the Soviet High Command in Berlin the deaths of Hitler and Eva Braun, before General Krebs demanded a ceasefire. Although the ceasefire request was not granted, General Chuikov informed Joseph Stalin of Hitler's fate, but Stalin ordered that Hitler's body be found to confirm the news.
Meanwhile, many of the occupants of the Fuhrerbunker tried to break out of the city but many of them were otherwise killed were captured by the Soviets, and only a few escaped. While those left in the Fuhrerbunker otherwise committed suicide, such as Joseph Goebbels and Generals Krebs and Burgdorf were captured by the Soviets when the bunker fell on them. Two days later, the whole of Berlin fell to the Soviets, when its commander -in -chief, General Weidling, surrendered.
Hitler’s death in turn gave birth to conspiracy theories about what really happened to Hitler, initiated by Joseph Stalin, perhaps for political reasons. It did not die in Berlin, but it allegedly fled and hid with other Nazi officials in Spain or Argentina. But in 1956, a court hearing confirmed that Hitler had indeed committed suicide.
APPROVED FREEDOM OF VOTING FOR WOMEN IN THE PHILIPPINES
April 30, 1937
With 444,725 votes or 90.94% of the total 492,032 voters nationwide, a plebiscite held on this day in 1937 won the favor of empowering women to vote in local or national elections in our country. This time, Filipina women were given the opportunity to participate in the political arena that was previously dominated by men. It also provided an opportunity for women to also hold government positions.
Since 1905, Filipina feminists such as Pura Villanueva Kalaw of the Asociacion Feminista Ilonga, and Concepcion Felix Rodriguez of the Asociacion Feminista Filipina have been advocating for women's rights, including the freedom to vote and participate in politics. task. Not only male politicians in the National Assembly objected to women’s voting, but also some women, for fear that it might affect a woman’s traditional role in the family when given this opportunity. However, Filipina feminists garnered support from Governor-General Frank Murphy, especially when it signed the Women’s Suffrage Bill, in the hope that it would help achieve equal rights between men and women and fairness. treatment.
Article V of the ratified Constitution of 1935 states that women are allowed to vote, provided that it is passed in a plebiscite two years after the ratification of the Constitution, and will be attended by at least 300,000 people. Approved on September 30, 1936 Commonwealth Act no. 34 which sets the plebiscite for women's suffrage. Women have the same qualifications as men to vote.
The Philippines was one of the first countries in Asia in the early years of the 20th century to approve women’s voting, including India, Afghanistan, Turkey, Mongolia, and Thailand. Two years later, our country had the first woman to step into politics, when Geronima Pecson of Pangasinan was elected as our country's first female Senator.
PATROCINIO GAMBOA WAS BORN
April 30, 1865
Today is the 156th birthday of one of the great women in our country, who did not fight against the Spanish and American occupiers but gave her service to help our revolutionaries. He was Patrocinio Gamboa, born on this day in 1865 in the town of Jaro, Iloilo. Known by the alias "Tia Patron", she is the son of a wealthy couple Fermin Gamboa and Leonila Villareal.
Patrocinio was able to study under a private tutor, and was fond of reading Spanish literature, which also made him aware of the sentiments of those seeking reform in the country. He also read the articles of Filipino propagandists in Spain, which shaped his feelings of nationalism.
He joined the Filipino revolution against Spain, and was one of the organizers of the Comite Central Revolucionario de Visayas, which would become the revolutionary government in the Visayas region. He rendered service to the revolution by caring for and treating the wounded revolutionaries, raising money, food and medicine as his contribution to the revolution. There is a story in Patrocinio’s life that adds to his colorful struggle. Patrocinio was assigned to sew a replica of the Philippine flag first woven by Marcela Agoncillo. But there is a problem, the town where Patrocinio and the other women will deliver the sewn flag in Jaro where the headquarters of the Iloilo revolution's chief general Martin Delgado is guarded by the Spaniards and no one can get through the guards except if there is evidence to show that they are not revolutionaries. So Patrocinio enlisted the help of a lieutenant and pretended to be a quarrelsome couple in order to get through the soldiers' checkpoint. Not only were the soldiers convinced that Patrocinio and the lieutenant were really fighting, but they laughed, the two of the guards slipped through, and they also went to General Delgado's headquarters.
Until the time of the Americans Patrocinio did not cease his service. When the Filipino-American War ended, the government offered Patrocinio a pension, he refused and said that he did not become a hero just for money, and his love for the country was unmatched by money. Patrocinio passed away at the age of 88 on November 23, 1953 and was given an honorary burial at Balantang Veterans Cemetery in Jaro, Iloilo.
References:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Philippine_women%27s_suffrage_plebiscite
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history
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