The Book Of Yesterday | April 26

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THE AMERICANS FREED BAGUIO CITY FROM THE JAPANESE

April 26, 1945

On this day in 1945, the city of Baguio, Benguet province, was also liberated from Japanese occupation. The town of Tuba, 35 km away from Baguio, was also liberated today.

December 1944 when the headquarters of the Japanese army under General Tomoyuki Yamashita moved to Baguio, and when large numbers of American forces invaded Luzon, the army was divided into two, one to Manila and the other to northern Luzon. . The 33rd Infantry Division of the United States led the campaign to Baguio, along with several units of Filipino guerrillas. The last tank-on-tank battle between the Americans and the Japanese also took place in the mountains of northern Luzon.

While fleeing Baguio, General Yamashita appointed Major General Noakata Utsonomiya to serve as the chief commander of the Japanese who would defend Baguio, but he was also ordered to leave the city. The Americans captured five of the cabinets of the Second Republic of the Philippines who fled to Baguio, while President Jose P. Laurel fled the country.

On April 24, when the Americans entered the city, and in front of the civilians who were waiting for the arrival of the Americans, they declared Baguio free from Japanese occupation. An estimated 3,000 Japanese soldiers were killed in the more than two -month American campaign in northern Luzon to Baguio, but their campaign in northern Luzon did not end there. The Japanese remained in the mountains of the Cordillera until August 15, 1945. In Baguio City, General Yamashita surrendered to the Americans on September 3 of the same year.

EMILIO AGUINALDO ORDERS ARREST OF ANDRES BONIFACIO

April 26, 1897

On this day in 1897, the personnel of the revolutionary government of General Emilio Aguinaldo raided the town of Indang, Cavite to arrest, on the orders of General Aguinaldo himself, the Supreme of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio.

At first, General Aguinaldo did not want to do this because he still needed Bonifacio for the unity of the movement, even though one had seceded and formed his own revolutionary government due to the controversial convention in Tejeros. But a report was brought to General Aguinaldo from Severino delas Alas, that Bonifacio's men were forced to ask for solicitation such as food in the town of Indang, and without reaching the people living there, Bonifacio allegedly set the town on fire, including its church. So General Aguinaldo did nothing but order General Mariano Noriel, Colonel Agapito Bonzon and General Jose Ignacio Paua to arrest Bonifacio.

When General Paua and Bonzon arrived at Bonifacio's camp in Indang, the Supremo welcomed them, but Bonifacio did not expect what happened next. General Paua's men fired their guns earlier, and a small civil war broke out at Bonifacio's camp in Indang. Even though Bonifacio begged his men not to fight with their fellow Tagalogs, Andres was still shot in the arm, while his brother Procopio was hit by a gun. Unfortunately, Andres' younger brother Ciriaco was killed, and General Paua even cut Andres in the neck.

General Paua's men arrested the wounded Procopio and Andres, whom they carried in a cradle while sustaining tearful wounds to the arm and neck, and his wife Gregoria de Jesus. From Indang, they brought the three to the town of Maragondon, Cavite for Bonifacio to face his crimes against the revolutionary government of General Aguinaldo.

THE TRAGEDY OF THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN UKRAINE

April 26, 1986

Today is the 36th anniversary of what is considered the most devastating nuclear disaster in peaceful history after Hiroshima, when a nuclear power plant exploded at Chernobyl, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). When just because of a mistake in the regular testing of one of the reactors at the plant, it created a very powerful explosion in the reactors of the plant, which immediately killed 31 people, and even peeled off nearly a ton of concrete roof that serves as protection. plant. The explosions at the reactors lasted more than four hours, which also created a fire.

Firefighters arrived to put out the blaze but their protection was not enough to prevent radiation from spreading around the plant. It was past 5:00 pm when the remaining unaffected reactors of the plant were shut down, but this did not prevent the fallout. Over the course of a few months another 28 people would die, including responding firefighters, caused by the spread of radiation. The military also arrived at the scene of the tragedy to assist in rescuing the wounded and helping to control the spread of radiation.

The explosion and nuclear meltdown were most affected by the nearby town of Pripyat, a few kilometers away from the damaged plant. This is where the plant workers and their families live, and when the Chernobyl tragedy happened more than 50,000 people living in Pripyat were evacuated, and they were all afraid to go back there so now Pripyat is an abandoned place.

Also as a result of the Chernobyl explosion, cement and steel quickly buried the damaged Chernobyl reactor at the same time as its permanent closure because it is still dangerous to stay in it for a long time, and every year the cover of the damaged plant is strengthened for the diffused radiation did not increase further.

By 1995, as many as 125,000 people had died from diseases caused by the nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl.

RUDOLF HESS WAS BORN

April 26, 1894

On this day in 1894, Adolf Hitler’s Deputy Führer and one of the highest officials in the Nazi party Rudolf Walther Richard Hess or simply Rudolf Hess was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He was the eldest of three children of Johann Fritz and Klara Hess who lived in the British colony in Egypt.

His family left Egypt and settled in Germany, where he volunteered to join the German army during World War I, and just like his would -be bossing Hitler, Hess also earned an Iron Cross 1st Class for his bravery. Even after the war ended he still remained in the army as an army reserve.

Hess studied at the University of Munich in the geopolitics course, where he became aware of the idea of lebensraum or living space for larger Germany. While in Munich he met Hitler, and after Hess was impressed by the rhetoric of Hitler's speeches, and because they shared the same beliefs about what happened to Germany after the war, Hess joined the Nazi party in July 1920. The party was Hess organized activities to raise funds for the party, and also joined the Sturmabteilung or Storm Troopers. Hess was among those who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich led by Adolf Hitler in November 1923. Hitler was arrested on November 11 and Hess followed, and they were both imprisoned on treason. While in prison with Hitler, they began writing what became the bible of Nazi ideology, Mein Kampf, in which Hess wrote what Hitler dictated. After the two were released, Hitler's book was published in 1925 and 1926.

From being Hitler's private secretary Hess's rank in the party increased, and when Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 Hess became Deputy Führer, and became Reichsleiter or chairman of the party and also held a position in the SS, with the rank of SS. -Obergruppenfuhrer, and host of Nazi party rallies. As a member of Hitler’s cabinet Hess was also involved in the passage of the oppressive Nuremberg Laws, against the Jews. Hess was also involved in the illegal Nazi occupation of the Rhineland, Danzig in East Prussia, and also enforced oppressive regulations on Jews living there.

When war broke out in September 1939 Hitler appointed his right-hand man Hess as his successor, followed by Hermann Goering. But while Germany was at war with Britain Hess made a secret trip to Great Britain, with the aim of negotiating peace with the British. But his plane crashed in Scotland, and he was captured by the British in May 1940. He remained in British custody until the end of the war in 1945. Hess was among the indicted senior Nazi officials in the Nuremberg Trials in November. in the same year, in which he was charged with crimes against peace and humanity for his role in Germany’s aggression in Europe, and his involvement in the Holocaust. Although he defended he had amnesia while imprisoned in Britain the court did not uphold it and still convicted him of his crimes, and was sentenced to life imprisonment in Spandau Prison in Berlin, Germany along with Karl Doenitz and Albert Speer.

Hess was the latest Nazi war criminal to be imprisoned in Spandau after Doenitz and Speer were released. At age 93 Hess hanged himself inside his jail on August 17, 1987.

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