The Book Of Yesterday | April 25
THE CLAIM OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE SULTAN OF SULU BEGINS IN NORTH BORNEO OR SABAH
April 25, 1962
On this day in 1962, the long history of claim to the region of Sabah or North Borneo, between the Republic of the Philippines and the Sultanate of Sulu, was revived.
In the presence of former President Diosdado Macapagal, the representative of the Sultanate of Sulu Princess Tarhata Kiram held a dialogue on the issue of ownership in the Sabah region in Malaysia. As a result of that meeting, a legislative-executive commission was formed which initiated the claims process in Sabah.
As a result of the committee's deliberations on August 16, 1962, the heir of Padukka Mahasari Maulana Sultan Hadji Muhammad Jamalul Kiram II, also represented by Princess Tarhata, and the Philippine government signed a waiver of the Sultanate's right to Sulu in Sabah, in favor of our government.
A resolution was signed on September 12 of the same year stating the transfer of the rights and sovereignty of the Sultanate of Sulu in Sabah to our government, and our Philippine government will serve as the Sultanate's attorney-in-fact for negotiate with the British government regarding the claim to Sabah.
But the following year 1963, February 8 the Sultanate suddenly changed its tone, when Datu Mohammad Jal Asbi Sultan Jamalul Kiram of Jolo declared that he was the heir to the territory of Sabah, and protested our government’s claim in such region.
THE MEETING OF UNITED STATES FORCES IS SOVIET UNION ON THE RIVER ELBE IN GERMANY
April 25, 1945
Exactly 76 years ago, over the river Elbe in Germany, a historic encounter of two allied forces took place. Contrary to earlier records, in the town of Strehla in Germany American and Soviet soldiers first met, when American lieutenant Albert Kotzebue met with some soldiers of the U.S. Reconnaissance Platoon and Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Gordoyev of the rifle regiment. of the 1st Ukrainian Front, past 11:30 p.m. On the same day in the town of Torgau, American patrols led by soldiers William Robertson, Frank Huff, James McDonnell and Paul Staubat and Soviets led by Lieutenant Aleksandr met on the damaged bridge in that town. Silvashko.
There was a warm welcome between the two allied forces over the Elbe, where they shook hands, exchanged their belongings, and were able to converse with others who were fluent in English and Russian. This encounter became important because Germany was eventually split in two. The Americans were the first of three Western Allies to enter the eastern region of Germany.
On the same day of the battle in Berlin, a few days after the Soviets entered the city districts, the historic meeting of the forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front from the south and the 1st Belorussian Front, in the western part of the city, also took place. Potsdam. The Soviets had completely surrounded Berlin, cutting off all possible routes for reinforcements to keep up with the Nazis in Berlin. The Soviets began to besiege Berlin on all its sides while the Nazis were desperate to throw away all its remaining reserves to defend the city.
The meeting between the Americans and the Soviets proved that even if they have different ideologies, people can still unite for one and greater purpose.
THE FIRST USE OF GUILOTINE AS AN ANSWERING TOOL
April 25, 1792
On this day in 1792, a modern guillotine, the guillotine, was first seen in public. Originally called louisette, adapted from its original designer Dr. Antoine Louis, it first used a beheading on a highwayman Nicolas Jacques Pelletier, and carried out a quick beheading of him at the Place de Hotel de Ville in Paris, France. He was convicted of theft and murder in October 1791. He was arrested and after the trial he was sentenced to death on Christmas Eve of 1791 and then acquitted on New Year's Eve of 1791. Pelletier's execution was temporarily suspended due to the incident. further deliberations on the legal method of imposing the death penalty in France.
After re-approving the death sentence on Pelletier for the third time on 24 January, 1792 the Legislative Assembly approved the use of the guillotine as a legal means of execution on 24 March of the same year. It was afternoon when the beheading of Pelletier took place in public, and the executioner Charles-Henri Sanson carried it out. But not as expected, those who watched the first use of the guillotine did not like it because of the speedy killing of the convict, who even said that they would just return the hanging.
Even before the guillotine, beheading with an ax or sword was used in France for the nobility, and the hanging of the common people. When the French revolution broke out the death penalty was one of those who wanted to abolish France as a renunciation of the old regime, but it was later reinstated and the guillotine was quickly accepted as the only method of execution in France, in accordance with the principle of equality. Because the killing is quick with only a heavy and sharp blade that quickly falls on the victim's head, the guillotine is guaranteed to be painless and humane, although there is no proof that this is true.
The guillotine became a notorious symbol of the French revolution, of which thousands of French fell victim especially during the Reign of Terror. It was still used legally in France, and was imitated by neighboring European countries such as Nazi Germany. After its last victim, Hamida Djandoubi, was executed by guillotine in 1977, the death penalty was abolished in France in 1981, signaling the end of the bloody guillotine era.
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