Spacesuit

From the beginning of human space travel, among other essentials, it has been an integral part of the special clothing worn by astronauts, commonly known as 'spacesuit'. Without this special clothing, it is not possible for humans to survive in the harsh and harsh environment of space.

What is a spacesuit?

In practical terms, spacesuit is not just a garment or a set of garments, it is also called a "one-person spacecraft". The official name of the spacesuit is ‘Extravehicular Mobility Unit’, abbreviated EMU. An astronaut wearing a fully prepared and well-equipped spacesuit can come out of the spacecraft and float in space. He can also work on repairing defects outside the space station. Spacesuits are also needed to land on new planets.

Generally speaking, a spacesuit or EMU is a special arrangement of a set of special protective clothing and equipment, which ensures the astronaut's safe position, navigation and survival in the hostile environment inside and outside the spacecraft.

The overall management of the overall safety and survival of an astronaut is called spacesuit or EMU.

Spacesuit requirements

Climbers need to wear special clothing to withstand adverse weather conditions while climbing mountains. Astronauts have to live in a much more dangerous, deadly and deadly environment than the mountains in space. Special safety spacesuits are needed to survive in that life-threatening environment.

Uninterrupted supply of oxygen in space, control of external pressure on the astronaut's body, temperature control, communication between astronauts and the earth (since airspace cannot be spoken of directly), resistance to terrifying radiation in space, from potential 'alien pathogens' Necessary arrangements are made in the spacesuit to protect the astronaut, etc., so that the astronaut can complete his work safely without any hindrance. The structure of the spacesuit and the functions of the various parts

As mentioned earlier, a spacesuit is not just a garment. This is a complete security measure. The whole spacesuit consists of many small and large important parts. Let us know about the structure and functionality of the main parts of the spacesuit.

First of all, let's look at the inner garments and devices inside the hard shell outside the spacesuit.

Communication Carrier Assembly (CCA)

The CCA is the astronaut's interconnected and original spacecraft and complete system of communication with the Earth.

Inside the helmet, the astronaut has a Teflon and a cap made of nylon fabric. This is called communication cap. There are earphones, microphones and electrical connections for voice communication.

One part of this connection is attached to the radio transmission and receiver part of the astronaut's 'backpack', the other part is attached to the control unit and display part on the chest of the outer garment.

Through this system, the astronaut maintains all the necessary communications.

Liquid Cooling & Ventilation Garment (LCVG)

The spacesuit is very well insulated. Without a well-ventilated system, the heat from the inside cannot escape, or the heat from the outside cannot enter. Therefore, it is important to have a system to expel the heat generated in the body of the astronaut. LCVG is the body's thermal control system.

Inside the outer cover of the spacesuit is a special heat-controlling garment. This dress is made of very thin but hollow and flexible tube. These clothes are worn like undergarments. The entire garment is covered by tube networking. Water flows through this tube which removes the heat generated in the body of the astronaut and keeps the body temperature of the astronaut at a tolerable level.

In addition to water flow, this garment is equipped with a special air flow system that acts as a ventilator. The water flow and ventilation system of this garment is connected to the control part of the ‘backpack’, which maintains uninterrupted flow of water and air.

Maximum Absorbency Garment (MAG)

It is called the special underwear of the astronauts. It has to be worn like underwear under LCVG. It stores the astronaut's urine inside the spacesuit and expels it in a timely manner.

In-suit Drink Bag (IDB)

A special kind of potable water bag is attached to the inner wall of the outer cover of the spacesuit. From there a pipe goes to the astronaut's mouth. The astronaut can drink water from the bag with that pipe.

Now let's look at the different parts of the outer shell of the spacesuit. This cover is basically seen as a spacesuit.

Helmet & Extravehicular Visor Assembly

The top of the spacesuit is a special helmet. This special bound helmet is attached to the original spacesuit while wearing the spacesuit.

It has two main parts - Helmet Assembly and Extravehicular visor Assembly.

Helmet Assembly is a transparent helmet. At the bottom of the neck ring is attached to the helmet attached to the original spacesuit. Extravehicular visor assembly is attached to the outer layer of this helmet made of special poly-carbonate material. This assembly of hard cover protects the astronaut from external shocks and direct bright sunlight and radiation. The first protection layer of the Extravehicular Assembly on the outside of the front of the transparent helmet acts like a Two-way Mirror. It reflects sunlight and radiation, but astronauts see just outside.

Above this layer is another completely opaque covering. This prevents it from getting sunlight directly in front of the astronaut.

These two layers of protection are near the ears of the assembly. These can be controlled by turning two knobs on the right and left. If necessary, it can be covered with these, again, if you want, the completely transparent part can be kept open.

Hard Upper Torso with Arm Assembly (HUT)

The part that looks like a vest in a special fiberglass spacesuit is the HUT. This part consists of the chest and arm part of the spacesuit. Attached to the chest is the Display and Control Module (DCM) consisting of internal equipment control sections, switches, etc.

The display here is not directly visible to the astronaut himself. So a Wrist Mirror is attached to the arm of the spacesuit. There the astronaut controls by looking at the display of the DCM through the reflection. LCVG, Water line, Air & Oxygen system, Vent system - these parts are controlled with the help of DCM.

The HUT has a life support system backpack on the back. The upper neck ring of the HUT and the lower neck ring of the helmet are fastened together. Attached to the HUT is the Arm Assembly. Arm Assembly and HUT are connected to each other by means of special attachment system and bearings to maintain convenient control of the astronaut's hand. This allows the astronaut to move his arm easily and to rotate the lower part of the arm for bearing.

The last part of the arm assembly is attached to the gloves. The bearings and other arrangements required for the rotation of the astronaut's wrist are kept here, so that the gloves can be easily attached and disassembled and the wrist can be moved.

I will writw next part tomorrow.

Thank you.