Suppose you are having lunch with your parents one afternoon. You are happy because you sat in the chair next to the dining table and saw that your mother cooked your favorite food biryani.
As soon as you put the piece of meat in the biryani in your mouth, a strange question suddenly arises in your mind - what is this piece of meat actually made of? Then when he finished eating, he thought about it a little more.
Going to sleep late at night, he began to ask himself, what are all the things I see around me actually made of? Let's find the answer to this question today in the light of the standard model.
If we continue to make the piece of meat smaller, we will see at some point that it actually consists of molecules of certain substances (proteins, fats, water, cellulose, lysine, etc.).
What do we get if we break these molecules again? If we break them down, we will get the smallest particle atom that protects the properties of matter.
In the eighteenth century, it was thought that the atom was the smallest particle that could no longer be divided, and that when paired with each other, it created everything visible around us. But what is the end of the story here?
Many began to question again, is it possible to break the atom? What can be found if broken?
Finding the answer to this question, more new information comes out later. Atoms are also not indivisible, and each atom consists of a heavy center (called the nucleus) and a number of electrons revolving in certain orbits around it.
The nucleus of an atom contains two types of particles, namely protons and neutrons. Atom = heavy center / nucleus (protons and neutrons) + electrons
At this stage we can say from the above discussion: "Everything we see around us is made up of these three types of particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons."
And we can also write the process of division above. Pieces of meat> molecules > atoms > electrons, protons, neutrons?
Now enthusiasts may ask again, what are these electrons, protons, and neutrons made of?
In fact, at this stage, the idea of re-dividing them becomes very imaginary, because where we can't see the atom with the naked eye, and where is their divisibility? It's ridiculous. They are millions of times smaller than atoms!
Well, a little while ago I said that atoms are so small that they can't be seen with the naked eye, so how small are they actually? What little can we not guess? Smaller than the ballpoint pen of our favorite 90s pen?
Yes, they are much smaller than that. The size of an atom is about 10 ^ -10 m.
I know that by this number many people will have no idea about its size. Simply put, it might be helpful to understand: "If we arrange 250 million atoms in a row, the length of the line that will be formed will be 1 inch."
If the atom itself is so small, then what is the position of its nucleus? The nucleus is smaller than the size of an atom, about one-tenth of a millionth.
If your classroom is considered a hydrogen atom, the nucleus would be the size of a bean in the center of your classroom. Inside the bean is a proton (neutron in the case of other atoms).
And the only electron in the hydrogen atom is spinning at equal distances from the wall of your classroom.
All the space in the middle is empty. It turns out, then, that the atom can only be considered a vacuum except for the nucleus and electrons (much like the solar system like the sun and the planets orbiting far away around its center. All the space in the middle is empty.
With that in mind, I, you are basically nothing but a void. Now you must have got a rough idea of how small the atom is. It's a little smaller than our imaginary size!
LOkay, fine. Now let's go a little deeper. Well then what are the upper electrons, protons, neutrons made of? Where is the end of the story? Electron? Proton? Neutrons?
Yes, that's what you're thinking, later experiments showed that protons and neutrons are made up of the smallest particles of quarks. A proton consists of two up quarks and one down quark (p = uud).
On the other hand, a neutron is made up of two down quarks and one up quark (n = ddu). Electrons are considered elementary particles, because they can no longer be broken. This type of particle is called a lepton particle, which when broken down we do not get quarks like protons and neutrons.
Thus far six types of quark and six types of leptons have been found through various experiments.
Quarks are: up quark, down quark; Charm Quark, Strange Quark; Top Quark and Bottom Quark.
To be continued.
Thank you.
Wow! That's crazy article. You have research a lot i thing for this article. Really well