DETERMINANTS OF ILL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.
It includes Female Genital Mutilation, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDS), abortion Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia trachomatis, fertility, reduction in sperm count, cancers (like prostate cancer, cervical cancer), diseases of the uterus, cervix, and vagina, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis fibroids, infertility, domestic violence, sexual abuse and other reproductive dysfunctional syndromes.
HEALTH STATISTICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
Many more people are living healthier lives than in the past decade in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, people are still dying and suffering from preventable diseases and also many are dying prematurely. 736 million people lived in extreme poverty in 2015, 413 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Furthermore, the maternal mortality ratio has declined. Under -5 mortality rate has also dropped. Even in the region facing the greatest health challenges, progress has been impressive. In Sub-Saharan Africa, affordable drugs are made available to the people and also Proportion of births are attended by skilled health personnel which can reduce maternal morbidity, stillbirths, morbidity, and death among newborns. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where two thirds of the world’s maternal deaths occur, only 60 per cent of births were assisted by skilled attendants. Since 2000, the maternal mortality ratio in Sub-Saharan Africa has been reduced by 35 percent, and the under -5 mortality rate has dropped by 50 percent. Immunizations have saved millions of lives.
In 2018, the global adolescent birth is 44 births per 1000 women aged 15-19, compared to 56 in 2000. The highest rate (101) is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.
There were an estimated 3.5 million more malaria cases in the 10 highest-burden Africa countries in 2017 compared to 2016.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the HIV incidence rate for women of reproductive age is 10 times higher than the global average at 2.58 per 1,000 uninfected people. The incidence of HIV among adults 15-49 years old in Sub-Saharan Africa declined by 37% between 2010 and 2017.
BARRIERS TO PRIMARY REPRODUCTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN NIGERIA.
Adolescence is the period of life whereby individuals or persons reach sexual maturity. In Sub-Saharan Africa, young people constitute about 33% of the 973.4 population.
This barriers can be financial barriers which includes Poverty, poor working conditions, health related cost. It can also be lack of knowledge about the consequences of unprotected premarital sex among adolescent females which led them to unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and its complication like Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Also, low utilization of health services because of negative perception of health workers, confidentiality and social norms.
CHALLENGES OF INEFFECTIVE AND DEFECTIVE VITAL REGISTRATION SYSTEM IN NIGERIA.
The challenges are as follows; Inadequate finance, Low publicity or low level of awareness, Conflict outside or between the organization in resource allocation and weak infrastructure within the National population Commission, Bad deployment of registration facilities or low infrastructural services can also be one of the challenges.
WAYS BY WHICH SUCCESSFUL CENSUS EXERCISES CAN BE PROMOTED IN Nigeria. This can be through the provision of continuous census education to all citizens which will make them to have the knowledge of and fully participate in the census exercise. Also, there is a tremendous need to plan adequately. Census exercises should be well and properly timed. There is the need to train people maps, enumeration maps. Adequate support and financing of census exercises in the country. Also great need to depoliticize and stop census returns as competition between states and communities. Different states should be given the power to conduct a good census be themselves.
DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING IN NIGERIA.
The determinants are; Census Information, Vital Registration or Civil Registration System, Special Sample Survey or Representative Sample Survey, Population Estimation, Population Projection.