Tabla is a kind of Indian musical instrument used in music. It was once known as Talmridang. It is also called a tankarayantra because it is played by the finger. According to popular belief, in the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries, Amir Khasru broke the mridang and invented the tabla. The purpose is to maintain rhythm or time-adjustment (dimension) in the performance of music.
The instrument consists of two parts, the tabla and the baya (related to left), together known as the tabla. The tabla (dyna) is usually played in the right hand and the baya (dugi) in the left hand. It is essential for playing music and harmony. Tabla shell made of wood, height 9-12 inches. Its structure is gradually narrowed upwards. Usually the upper diameter is 5/6 inch and the lower diameter is up to 8/10 inch. The shell is covered with a leather canopy and a thick round black coating is given in the middle of the canopy. It is called gab, sahi or khiran. The left shell is made of copper, brass or clay. It is also called pot or kuri. The upper left diameter is larger than the lower, usually 10/12 inches .
Like the tabla, the left baya is also covered with leather and has a gab. The tabla has a rope-covered with a leather-covered face, with which the tabla tone is softened. Finger tapping on its leathery edges maintains the height and lightness of the tone.
During the playing, the tabla and the baya are placed on a cloth fence. The musician performs the instrument sitting or standing. It has to be tuned well before playing. Tabla bowl is known as Rela, Kaida, Gat, Aari, Kuari, Gatparan etc. There are different genres of tabla playing. Among them two Bengali gharanas are Bishnupur gharana and Dhaka gharana.
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